1 ;;;; -*- Mode: LISP; Syntax: ANSI-Common-Lisp; Base: 10 -*-
2 ;;;; *************************************************************************
6 ;;;; Classes defining SQL expressions and methods for formatting the
7 ;;;; appropriate SQL commands.
9 ;;;; This file is part of CLSQL.
11 ;;;; CLSQL users are granted the rights to distribute and use this software
12 ;;;; as governed by the terms of the Lisp Lesser GNU Public License
13 ;;;; (http://opensource.franz.com/preamble.html), also known as the LLGPL.
14 ;;;; *************************************************************************
16 (in-package #:clsql-sys)
18 (defvar +empty-string+ "''")
20 (defvar +null-string+ "NULL")
22 (defvar *sql-stream* nil
23 "stream which accumulates SQL output")
25 (defun sql-output (sql-expr &optional database)
26 "Top-level call for generating SQL strings. Returns an SQL
27 string appropriate for DATABASE which corresponds to the
28 supplied lisp expression SQL-EXPR."
29 (progv '(*sql-stream*)
30 `(,(make-string-output-stream))
31 (output-sql sql-expr database)
32 (get-output-stream-string *sql-stream*)))
34 (defmethod output-sql (expr database)
35 (write-string (database-output-sql expr database) *sql-stream*)
38 (defvar *output-hash* (make-hash-table :test #'equal)
39 "For caching generated SQL strings.")
41 (defmethod output-sql :around ((sql t) database)
42 (let* ((hash-key (output-sql-hash-key sql database))
43 (hash-value (when hash-key (gethash hash-key *output-hash*))))
44 (cond ((and hash-key hash-value)
45 (write-string hash-value *sql-stream*))
47 (let ((*sql-stream* (make-string-output-stream)))
49 (setf hash-value (get-output-stream-string *sql-stream*))
50 (setf (gethash hash-key *output-hash*) hash-value))
51 (write-string hash-value *sql-stream*))
53 (call-next-method)))))
55 (defmethod output-sql-hash-key (expr database)
56 (declare (ignore expr database))
60 (defclass %sql-expression ()
63 (defmethod output-sql ((expr %sql-expression) database)
64 (declare (ignore database))
65 (write-string +null-string+ *sql-stream*))
67 (defmethod print-object ((self %sql-expression) stream)
68 (print-unreadable-object
70 (write-string (sql-output self) stream))
73 ;; For straight up strings
75 (defclass sql (%sql-expression)
79 (:documentation "A literal SQL expression."))
81 (defmethod make-load-form ((sql sql) &optional environment)
82 (declare (ignore environment))
85 `(make-instance 'sql :string ',text)))
87 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql) database)
88 (declare (ignore database))
89 (write-string (slot-value expr 'text) *sql-stream*)
92 (defmethod print-object ((ident sql) stream)
93 (format stream "#<~S \"~A\">"
95 (sql-output ident nil))
98 ;; For SQL Identifiers of generic type
100 (defclass sql-ident (%sql-expression)
103 :initform +null-string+))
104 (:documentation "An SQL identifer."))
106 (defmethod make-load-form ((sql sql-ident) &optional environment)
107 (declare (ignore environment))
110 `(make-instance 'sql-ident :name ',name)))
112 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-ident) database)
113 (with-slots (name) expr
115 (convert-to-db-default-case
118 (symbol (symbol-name name)))
123 ;; For SQL Identifiers for attributes
125 (defclass sql-ident-attribute (sql-ident)
128 :initform +null-string+)
131 :initform +null-string+))
132 (:documentation "An SQL Attribute identifier."))
134 (defmethod collect-table-refs (sql)
135 (declare (ignore sql))
138 (defmethod collect-table-refs ((sql sql-ident-attribute))
139 (let ((qual (slot-value sql 'qualifier)))
140 (if (and qual (symbolp (slot-value sql 'qualifier)))
141 (list (make-instance 'sql-ident-table :name
142 (slot-value sql 'qualifier))))))
144 (defmethod make-load-form ((sql sql-ident-attribute) &optional environment)
145 (declare (ignore environment))
146 (with-slots (qualifier type name)
148 `(make-instance 'sql-ident-attribute :name ',name
149 :qualifier ',qualifier
152 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-ident-attribute) database)
153 (with-slots (qualifier name type) expr
154 (if (and (not qualifier) (not type))
156 ;; Honor care of name
158 (write-string name *sql-stream*))
160 (write-string (sql-escape (convert-to-db-default-case
161 (symbol-name name) database)) *sql-stream*)))
163 ;;; KMR: The TYPE field is used by CommonSQL for type conversion -- it
164 ;;; should not be output in SQL statements
166 (format *sql-stream* "~@[~A.~]~A~@[ ~A~]"
168 (convert-to-db-default-case (sql-escape qualifier) database))
169 (sql-escape (convert-to-db-default-case name database))
171 (convert-to-db-default-case (symbol-name type) database)))
172 (format *sql-stream* "~@[~A.~]~A"
175 (string (format nil "~s" qualifier))
176 (t (convert-to-db-default-case (sql-escape qualifier)
178 (sql-escape (convert-to-db-default-case name database))))
181 (defmethod output-sql-hash-key ((expr sql-ident-attribute) database)
182 (with-slots (qualifier name type)
184 (list (and database (database-underlying-type database))
185 'sql-ident-attribute qualifier name type)))
187 ;; For SQL Identifiers for tables
189 (defclass sql-ident-table (sql-ident)
191 :initarg :table-alias :initform nil))
192 (:documentation "An SQL table identifier."))
194 (defmethod make-load-form ((sql sql-ident-table) &optional environment)
195 (declare (ignore environment))
196 (with-slots (alias name)
198 `(make-instance 'sql-ident-table :name ',name :table-alias ',alias)))
200 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-ident-table) database)
201 (with-slots (name alias) expr
202 (let ((namestr (if (symbolp name)
207 (sql-escape (convert-to-db-default-case namestr database))
211 (sql-escape (convert-to-db-default-case namestr database))
213 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
214 (format *sql-stream* "~s" alias)))))
217 (defmethod output-sql-hash-key ((expr sql-ident-table) database)
218 (with-slots (name alias)
220 (list (and database (database-underlying-type database))
221 'sql-ident-table name alias)))
223 (defclass sql-relational-exp (%sql-expression)
228 :initarg :sub-expressions
230 (:documentation "An SQL relational expression."))
232 (defmethod collect-table-refs ((sql sql-relational-exp))
234 (dolist (exp (slot-value sql 'sub-expressions))
235 (let ((refs (collect-table-refs exp)))
236 (if refs (setf tabs (append refs tabs)))))
237 (remove-duplicates tabs
238 :test (lambda (tab1 tab2)
239 (equal (slot-value tab1 'name)
240 (slot-value tab2 'name))))))
245 ;; Write SQL for relational operators (like 'AND' and 'OR').
246 ;; should do arity checking of subexpressions
248 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-relational-exp) database)
249 (with-slots (operator sub-expressions)
251 (let ((subs (if (consp (car sub-expressions))
252 (car sub-expressions)
254 (write-char #\( *sql-stream*)
255 (do ((sub subs (cdr sub)))
256 ((null (cdr sub)) (output-sql (car sub) database))
257 (output-sql (car sub) database)
258 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
259 (output-sql operator database)
260 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*))
261 (write-char #\) *sql-stream*)))
264 (defclass sql-upcase-like (sql-relational-exp)
266 (:documentation "An SQL 'like' that upcases its arguments."))
268 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-upcase-like) database)
269 (flet ((write-term (term)
270 (write-string "upper(" *sql-stream*)
271 (output-sql term database)
272 (write-char #\) *sql-stream*)))
273 (with-slots (sub-expressions)
275 (let ((subs (if (consp (car sub-expressions))
276 (car sub-expressions)
278 (write-char #\( *sql-stream*)
279 (do ((sub subs (cdr sub)))
280 ((null (cdr sub)) (write-term (car sub)))
281 (write-term (car sub))
282 (write-string " LIKE " *sql-stream*))
283 (write-char #\) *sql-stream*))))
286 (defclass sql-assignment-exp (sql-relational-exp)
288 (:documentation "An SQL Assignment expression."))
291 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-assignment-exp) database)
292 (with-slots (operator sub-expressions)
294 (do ((sub sub-expressions (cdr sub)))
295 ((null (cdr sub)) (output-sql (car sub) database))
296 (output-sql (car sub) database)
297 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
298 (output-sql operator database)
299 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)))
302 (defclass sql-value-exp (%sql-expression)
310 "An SQL value expression.")
313 (defmethod collect-table-refs ((sql sql-value-exp))
315 (if (listp (slot-value sql 'components))
317 (dolist (exp (slot-value sql 'components))
318 (let ((refs (collect-table-refs exp)))
319 (if refs (setf tabs (append refs tabs)))))
320 (remove-duplicates tabs
321 :test (lambda (tab1 tab2)
322 (equal (slot-value tab1 'name)
323 (slot-value tab2 'name)))))
328 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-value-exp) database)
329 (with-slots (modifier components)
333 (write-char #\( *sql-stream*)
334 (output-sql modifier database)
335 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
336 (output-sql components database)
337 (write-char #\) *sql-stream*))
338 (output-sql components database))))
340 (defclass sql-typecast-exp (sql-value-exp)
342 (:documentation "An SQL typecast expression."))
344 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-typecast-exp) database)
345 (with-slots (components)
347 (output-sql components database)))
349 (defmethod collect-table-refs ((sql sql-typecast-exp))
350 (when (slot-value sql 'components)
351 (collect-table-refs (slot-value sql 'components))))
353 (defclass sql-function-exp (%sql-expression)
361 "An SQL function expression."))
363 (defmethod collect-table-refs ((sql sql-function-exp))
365 (dolist (exp (slot-value sql 'args))
366 (let ((refs (collect-table-refs exp)))
367 (if refs (setf tabs (append refs tabs)))))
368 (remove-duplicates tabs
369 :test (lambda (tab1 tab2)
370 (equal (slot-value tab1 'name)
371 (slot-value tab2 'name))))))
372 (defvar *in-subselect* nil)
374 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-function-exp) database)
375 (with-slots (name args)
377 (output-sql name database)
378 (let ((*in-subselect* nil)) ;; aboid double parens
379 (when args (output-sql args database))))
383 (defclass sql-between-exp (sql-function-exp)
385 (:documentation "An SQL between expression."))
387 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-between-exp) database)
388 (with-slots (name args)
390 (output-sql (first args) database)
391 (write-string " BETWEEN " *sql-stream*)
392 (output-sql (second args) database)
393 (write-string " AND " *sql-stream*)
394 (output-sql (third args) database))
397 (defclass sql-query-modifier-exp (%sql-expression)
398 ((modifier :initarg :modifier :initform nil)
399 (components :initarg :components :initform nil))
400 (:documentation "An SQL query modifier expression."))
402 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-query-modifier-exp) database)
403 (with-slots (modifier components)
405 (output-sql modifier database)
406 (write-string " " *sql-stream*)
407 (output-sql (car components) database)
409 (mapc #'(lambda (comp)
410 (write-string ", " *sql-stream*)
411 (output-sql comp database))
415 (defclass sql-set-exp (%sql-expression)
420 :initarg :sub-expressions
422 (:documentation "An SQL set expression."))
424 (defmethod collect-table-refs ((sql sql-set-exp))
426 (dolist (exp (slot-value sql 'sub-expressions))
427 (let ((refs (collect-table-refs exp)))
428 (if refs (setf tabs (append refs tabs)))))
429 (remove-duplicates tabs
430 :test (lambda (tab1 tab2)
431 (equal (slot-value tab1 'name)
432 (slot-value tab2 'name))))))
434 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-set-exp) database)
435 (with-slots (operator sub-expressions)
437 (let ((subs (if (consp (car sub-expressions))
438 (car sub-expressions)
440 (when (= (length subs) 1)
441 (output-sql operator database)
442 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*))
443 (do ((sub subs (cdr sub)))
444 ((null (cdr sub)) (output-sql (car sub) database))
445 (output-sql (car sub) database)
446 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
447 (output-sql operator database)
448 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*))))
451 (defclass sql-query (%sql-expression)
462 :initarg :set-operation
494 (:documentation "An SQL SELECT query."))
496 (defclass sql-object-query (%sql-expression)
510 (defmethod collect-table-refs ((sql sql-query))
511 (remove-duplicates (collect-table-refs (slot-value sql 'where))
512 :test (lambda (tab1 tab2)
513 (equal (slot-value tab1 'name)
514 (slot-value tab2 'name)))))
516 (defvar *select-arguments*
517 '(:all :database :distinct :flatp :from :group-by :having :order-by
518 :set-operation :where :offset :limit :inner-join :on
519 ;; below keywords are not a SQL argument, but these keywords may terminate select
522 (defun query-arg-p (sym)
523 (member sym *select-arguments*))
525 (defun query-get-selections (select-args)
526 "Return two values: the list of select-args up to the first keyword,
527 uninclusive, and the args from that keyword to the end."
528 (let ((first-key-arg (position-if #'query-arg-p select-args)))
530 (values (subseq select-args 0 first-key-arg)
531 (subseq select-args first-key-arg))
534 (defun make-query (&rest args)
535 (flet ((select-objects (target-args)
537 (every #'(lambda (arg)
539 (find-class arg nil)))
541 (multiple-value-bind (selections arglist)
542 (query-get-selections args)
543 (if (select-objects selections)
544 (destructuring-bind (&key flatp refresh &allow-other-keys) arglist
545 (make-instance 'sql-object-query :objects selections
546 :flatp flatp :refresh refresh
548 (destructuring-bind (&key all flatp set-operation distinct from where
549 group-by having order-by
550 offset limit inner-join on &allow-other-keys)
552 (if (null selections)
553 (error "No target columns supplied to select statement."))
555 (error "No source tables supplied to select statement."))
556 (make-instance 'sql-query :selections selections
557 :all all :flatp flatp :set-operation set-operation
558 :distinct distinct :from from :where where
559 :limit limit :offset offset
560 :group-by group-by :having having :order-by order-by
561 :inner-join inner-join :on on))))))
563 (defmethod output-sql ((query sql-query) database)
564 (with-slots (distinct selections from where group-by having order-by
565 limit offset inner-join on all set-operation)
568 (write-string "(" *sql-stream*))
569 (write-string "SELECT " *sql-stream*)
571 (write-string "ALL " *sql-stream*))
572 (when (and distinct (not all))
573 (write-string "DISTINCT " *sql-stream*)
574 (unless (eql t distinct)
575 (write-string "ON " *sql-stream*)
576 (output-sql distinct database)
577 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)))
578 (output-sql (apply #'vector selections) database)
580 (write-string " FROM " *sql-stream*)
581 (flet ((ident-table-equal (a b)
582 (and (if (and (eql (type-of a) 'sql-ident-table)
583 (eql (type-of b) 'sql-ident-table))
584 (string-equal (slot-value a 'alias)
585 (slot-value b 'alias))
587 (string-equal (symbol-name (slot-value a 'name))
588 (symbol-name (slot-value b 'name))))))
590 (list (output-sql (apply #'vector
591 (remove-duplicates from
592 :test #'ident-table-equal))
594 (string (write-string from *sql-stream*))
595 (t (output-sql from database)))))
597 (write-string " INNER JOIN " *sql-stream*)
598 (output-sql inner-join database))
600 (write-string " ON " *sql-stream*)
601 (output-sql on database))
603 (write-string " WHERE " *sql-stream*)
604 (let ((*in-subselect* t))
605 (output-sql where database)))
607 (write-string " GROUP BY " *sql-stream*)
608 (output-sql group-by database))
610 (write-string " HAVING " *sql-stream*)
611 (output-sql having database))
613 (write-string " ORDER BY " *sql-stream*)
615 (do ((order order-by (cdr order)))
617 (let ((item (car order)))
620 (output-sql (car item) database)
621 (format *sql-stream* " ~A" (cadr item)))
623 (output-sql item database)))
625 (write-char #\, *sql-stream*))))
626 (output-sql order-by database)))
628 (write-string " LIMIT " *sql-stream*)
629 (output-sql limit database))
631 (write-string " OFFSET " *sql-stream*)
632 (output-sql offset database))
634 (write-string ")" *sql-stream*))
636 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
637 (output-sql set-operation database)))
640 (defmethod output-sql ((query sql-object-query) database)
641 (declare (ignore database))
642 (with-slots (objects)
645 (format *sql-stream* "(~{~A~^ ~})" objects))))
650 (defclass sql-insert (%sql-expression)
664 "An SQL INSERT statement."))
666 (defmethod output-sql ((ins sql-insert) database)
667 (with-slots (into attributes values query)
669 (write-string "INSERT INTO " *sql-stream*)
672 (string (sql-expression :attribute into))
676 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
677 (output-sql attributes database))
679 (write-string " VALUES " *sql-stream*)
680 (output-sql values database))
682 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
683 (output-sql query database)))
688 (defclass sql-delete (%sql-expression)
696 "An SQL DELETE statement."))
698 (defmethod output-sql ((stmt sql-delete) database)
699 (with-slots (from where)
701 (write-string "DELETE FROM " *sql-stream*)
703 ((or symbol string) (write-string (sql-escape from) *sql-stream*))
704 (t (output-sql from database)))
706 (write-string " WHERE " *sql-stream*)
707 (output-sql where database)))
712 (defclass sql-update (%sql-expression)
725 (:documentation "An SQL UPDATE statement."))
727 (defmethod output-sql ((expr sql-update) database)
728 (with-slots (table where attributes values)
730 (flet ((update-assignments ()
731 (mapcar #'(lambda (a b)
732 (make-instance 'sql-assignment-exp
734 :sub-expressions (list a b)))
736 (write-string "UPDATE " *sql-stream*)
737 (output-sql table database)
738 (write-string " SET " *sql-stream*)
739 (output-sql (apply #'vector (update-assignments)) database)
741 (write-string " WHERE " *sql-stream*)
742 (output-sql where database))))
747 (defclass sql-create-table (%sql-expression)
758 :initarg :transactions
761 "An SQL CREATE TABLE statement."))
763 ;; Here's a real warhorse of a function!
765 (declaim (inline listify))
771 (defmethod output-sql ((stmt sql-create-table) database)
772 (flet ((output-column (column-spec)
773 (destructuring-bind (name type &optional db-type &rest constraints)
775 (let ((type (listify type)))
776 (output-sql name database)
777 (write-char #\Space *sql-stream*)
779 (if (stringp db-type) db-type ; override definition
780 (database-get-type-specifier (car type) (cdr type) database
781 (database-underlying-type database)))
783 (let ((constraints (database-constraint-statement
784 (if (and db-type (symbolp db-type))
785 (cons db-type constraints)
789 (write-string " " *sql-stream*)
790 (write-string constraints *sql-stream*)))))))
791 (with-slots (name columns modifiers transactions)
793 (write-string "CREATE TABLE " *sql-stream*)
794 (output-sql name database)
795 (write-string " (" *sql-stream*)
796 (do ((column columns (cdr column)))
798 (output-column (car column)))
799 (output-column (car column))
800 (write-string ", " *sql-stream*))
802 (do ((modifier (listify modifiers) (cdr modifier)))
804 (write-string ", " *sql-stream*)
805 (write-string (car modifier) *sql-stream*)))
806 (write-char #\) *sql-stream*)
807 (when (and (eq :mysql (database-underlying-type database))
809 (db-type-transaction-capable? :mysql database))
810 (write-string " Type=InnoDB" *sql-stream*))))
816 (defclass sql-create-view (%sql-expression)
817 ((name :initarg :name :initform nil)
818 (column-list :initarg :column-list :initform nil)
819 (query :initarg :query :initform nil)
820 (with-check-option :initarg :with-check-option :initform nil))
821 (:documentation "An SQL CREATE VIEW statement."))
823 (defmethod output-sql ((stmt sql-create-view) database)
824 (with-slots (name column-list query with-check-option) stmt
825 (write-string "CREATE VIEW " *sql-stream*)
826 (output-sql name database)
827 (when column-list (write-string " " *sql-stream*)
828 (output-sql (listify column-list) database))
829 (write-string " AS " *sql-stream*)
830 (output-sql query database)
831 (when with-check-option (write-string " WITH CHECK OPTION" *sql-stream*))))
835 ;; DATABASE-OUTPUT-SQL
838 (defmethod database-output-sql ((str string) database)
839 (declare (optimize (speed 3) (safety 1)
840 #+cmu (extensions:inhibit-warnings 3)))
841 (let ((len (length str)))
842 (declare (type fixnum len))
845 ((and (null (position #\' str))
846 (null (position #\\ str)))
847 (concatenate 'string "'" str "'"))
849 (let ((buf (make-string (+ (* len 2) 2) :initial-element #\')))
850 (declare (simple-string buf))
853 ((= i len) (subseq buf 0 (1+ j)))
854 (declare (type fixnum i j))
855 (let ((char (aref str i)))
856 (declare (character char))
857 (cond ((char= char #\')
858 (setf (aref buf j) #\')
860 (setf (aref buf j) #\'))
861 ((and (char= char #\\)
862 ;; MTP: only escape backslash with pgsql/mysql
863 (member (database-underlying-type database)
864 '(:postgresql :mysql)
866 (setf (aref buf j) #\\)
868 (setf (aref buf j) #\\))
870 (setf (aref buf j) char))))))))))
872 (let ((keyword-package (symbol-package :foo)))
873 (defmethod database-output-sql ((sym symbol) database)
876 (convert-to-db-default-case
877 (if (equal (symbol-package sym) keyword-package)
878 (concatenate 'string "'" (string sym) "'")
882 (defmethod database-output-sql ((tee (eql t)) database)
883 (declare (ignore database))
886 (defmethod database-output-sql ((num number) database)
887 (declare (ignore database))
888 (princ-to-string num))
890 (defmethod database-output-sql ((arg list) database)
893 (format nil "(~{~A~^,~})" (mapcar #'(lambda (val)
894 (sql-output val database))
897 (defmethod database-output-sql ((arg vector) database)
898 (format nil "~{~A~^,~}" (map 'list #'(lambda (val)
899 (sql-output val database))
902 (defmethod output-sql-hash-key ((arg vector) database)
903 (list 'vector (map 'list (lambda (arg)
904 (or (output-sql-hash-key arg database)
905 (return-from output-sql-hash-key nil)))
908 (defmethod database-output-sql ((self wall-time) database)
909 (declare (ignore database))
910 (db-timestring self))
912 (defmethod database-output-sql ((self date) database)
913 (declare (ignore database))
914 (db-datestring self))
916 (defmethod database-output-sql ((self duration) database)
917 (declare (ignore database))
918 (format nil "'~a'" (duration-timestring self)))
921 (defmethod database-output-sql ((self money) database)
922 (database-output-sql (slot-value self 'odcl::units) database))
924 (defmethod database-output-sql (thing database)
928 (error 'sql-user-error
931 "No type conversion to SQL for ~A is defined for DB ~A."
932 (type-of thing) (type-of database)))))
936 ;; Column constraint types and conversion to SQL
939 (defparameter *constraint-types*
941 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "NOT-NULL") "NOT NULL")
942 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "PRIMARY-KEY") "PRIMARY KEY")
943 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "NOT") "NOT")
944 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "NULL") "NULL")
945 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "PRIMARY") "PRIMARY")
946 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "KEY") "KEY")
947 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "UNSIGNED") "UNSIGNED")
948 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "ZEROFILL") "ZEROFILL")
949 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "AUTO-INCREMENT") "AUTO_INCREMENT")
950 (cons (symbol-name-default-case "UNIQUE") "UNIQUE")))
952 (defmethod database-constraint-statement (constraint-list database)
953 (declare (ignore database))
954 (make-constraints-description constraint-list))
956 (defun make-constraints-description (constraint-list)
959 (do ((constraint constraint-list (cdr constraint)))
960 ((null constraint) string)
961 (let ((output (assoc (symbol-name (car constraint))
965 (error 'sql-user-error
966 :message (format nil "unsupported column constraint '~A'"
968 (setq string (concatenate 'string string (cdr output))))
969 (if (< 1 (length constraint))
970 (setq string (concatenate 'string string " "))))))))