:from [employee]
:where [= [emplid] 1]
:field-names nil)
-=> (("Vladamir" "Lenin" "lenin@soviet.org"))
+=> (("Vladimir" "Lenin" "lenin@soviet.org"))
(update-records [employee]
:av-pairs'((first_name "Yuri")
(last_name "Gagarin")
<listitem>
<para>A
<glossterm linkend="gloss-field-types">field type
- specifier</glossterm>. The default is &nil;.
+ specifier</glossterm>. The default is <symbol>:auto</symbol>;.
</para>
<para>
The purpose of this argument is cause &clsql; to
<title>Examples</title>
<screen>
(query "select emplid,first_name,last_name,height from employee where emplid = 1")
-=> ((1 "Vladamir" "Lenin" 1.5564661d0)),
+=> ((1 "Vladimir" "Lenin" 1.5564661d0)),
("emplid" "first_name" "last_name" "height")
(query "select emplid,first_name,last_name,height from employee where emplid = 1"
:field-names nil)
-=> ((1 "Vladamir" "Lenin" 1.5564661d0))
+=> ((1 "Vladimir" "Lenin" 1.5564661d0))
(query "select emplid,first_name,last_name,height from employee where emplid = 1"
:field-names nil
:result-types nil)
-=> (("1" "Vladamir" "Lenin" "1.5564661"))
+=> (("1" "Vladimir" "Lenin" "1.5564661"))
(query "select emplid,first_name,last_name,height from employee where emplid = 1"
:field-names nil
:result-types '(:int t t :double))
-=> ((1 "Vladamir" "Lenin" 1.5564661))
+=> ((1 "Vladimir" "Lenin" 1.5564661))
(query "select last_name from employee where emplid > 5" :flatp t)
=> ("Andropov" "Chernenko" "Gorbachev" "Yeltsin" "Putin"),
:where [< [emplid] 5]]
:titles '("ID" "FORENAME" "SURNAME" "EMAIL"))
ID FORENAME SURNAME EMAIL
-1 Vladamir Lenin lenin@soviet.org
+1 Vladimir Lenin lenin@soviet.org
2 Josef Stalin stalin@soviet.org
3 Leon Trotsky trotsky@soviet.org
4 Nikita Kruschev kruschev@soviet.org
7 Konstantin Chernenko chernenko@soviet.org
8 Mikhail Gorbachev gorbachev@soviet.org
9 Boris Yeltsin yeltsin@soviet.org
-10 Vladamir Putin putin@soviet.org
+10 Vladimir Putin putin@soviet.org
=>
</screen>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
<synopsis>
- <function>select</function> &rest <replaceable>identifiers</replaceable> &key <replaceable>all</replaceable> <replaceable>distinct</replaceable> <replaceable>from</replaceable> <replaceable>group-by</replaceable> <replaceable>having</replaceable> <replaceable>order-by</replaceable> <replaceable>set-operation</replaceable> <replaceable>where</replaceable> <replaceable>result-types</replaceable> <replaceable>field-names</replaceable> <replaceable>flatp</replaceable> <replaceable>refresh</replaceable> <replaceable>database</replaceable> => <returnvalue>result</returnvalue></synopsis>
+ <function>select</function> &rest <replaceable>identifiers</replaceable> &key <replaceable>all</replaceable> <replaceable>distinct</replaceable> <replaceable>from</replaceable> <replaceable>group-by</replaceable> <replaceable>having</replaceable> <replaceable>limit</replaceable> <replaceable>offset</replaceable> <replaceable>order-by</replaceable> <replaceable>set-operation</replaceable> <replaceable>where</replaceable> <replaceable>result-types</replaceable> <replaceable>field-names</replaceable> <replaceable>flatp</replaceable> <replaceable>refresh</replaceable> <replaceable>caching</replaceable> <replaceable>database</replaceable> => <returnvalue>result</returnvalue></synopsis>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments and Values</title>
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>limit</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ A non-negative integer.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>offset</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ A non-negative integer.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>order-by</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<listitem>
<para>A
<glossterm linkend="gloss-field-types">field type
- specifier</glossterm>. The default is &nil;.
+ specifier</glossterm>. The default is <symbol>:auto</symbol>.
</para>
<para>
The purpose of this argument is cause &clsql; to
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>refresh</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ This value is only considered when CLOS objects are being
+ selected. A boolean with a default value of &nil;. When
+ the value of the <varname>caching</varname> keyword is
+ &t;, a second equivalent <function>select</function> call
+ will return the same view class instance objects. When
+ <varname>refresh</varname> is &t;, then slots of the
+ existing instances are updated as necessary. In such
+ cases, you may wish to override the hook
+ <function>instance-refresh</function>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>caching</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ This value is only considered when CLOS objects are being
+ selected. A boolean with a default value of
+ <varname>*default-caching*</varname>. &clsql; caches
+ objects in accordance with the &commonsql; interface: a
+ second equivalent <function>select</function> call will
+ return the same view class instance objects.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>result</parameter></term>
<listitem>
specified lisp type. The keyword arguments
<parameter>all</parameter>, <parameter>distinct</parameter>,
<parameter>from</parameter>, <parameter>group-by</parameter>,
- <parameter>having</parameter>,
- <parameter>order-by</parameter>,
+ <parameter>having</parameter>, <parameter>limit</parameter>,
+ <parameter>offset</parameter>, <parameter>order-by</parameter>,
<parameter>set-operation</parameter> and
<parameter>where</parameter> are used to specify, using the
symbolic SQL syntax, the corresponding components of the SQL
:field-names nil
:result-types nil
:order-by [first-name])
-=> ("Boris" "Josef" "Konstantin" "Leon" "Leonid" "Mikhail" "Nikita" "Vladamir"
+=> ("Boris" "Josef" "Konstantin" "Leon" "Leonid" "Mikhail" "Nikita" "Vladimir"
"Yuri")
(select [first-name] [count [*]] :from [employee]
:order-by [first-name]
:field-names nil)
=> (("Boris" "1") ("Josef" "1") ("Konstantin" "1") ("Leon" "1") ("Leonid" "1")
- ("Mikhail" "1") ("Nikita" "1") ("Vladamir" "2") ("Yuri" "1"))
+ ("Mikhail" "1") ("Nikita" "1") ("Vladimir" "2") ("Yuri" "1"))
(select [last-name] :from [employee]
:where [like [email] "%org"]
:result-types :auto)
=> (10)
-(clsql:select [avg [height]] :from [employee] :flatp t :field-names nil)
+(select [avg [height]] :from [employee] :flatp t :field-names nil)
=> (1.58999584d0)
(select [emplid] [last-name] :from [employee] :where [= [emplid] 1])
:flatp t)
=> (1 2 3 4)
-(clsql:select [emplid] :from [employee]
- :where [in [emplid] '(1 2 3 4)]
- :flatp t
- :order-by [emplid]
- :field-names nil)
+(select [emplid] :from [employee]
+ :where [in [emplid] '(1 2 3 4)]
+ :flatp t
+ :order-by [emplid]
+ :field-names nil)
=> (1 2 3 4)
+(select [emplid] :from [employee]
+ :order-by [emplid]
+ :limit 5
+ :offset 3
+ :field-names nil
+ :flatp t)
+=> (4 5 6 7 8)
+
(select [first-name] [last-name] :from [employee]
:field-names nil
:order-by '(([first-name] :asc) ([last-name] :desc)))
=> (("Boris" "Yeltsin") ("Josef" "Stalin") ("Konstantin" "Chernenko")
("Leon" "Trotsky") ("Leonid" "Brezhnev") ("Mikhail" "Gorbachev")
- ("Nikita" "Kruschev") ("Vladamir" "Putin") ("Vladamir" "Lenin")
+ ("Nikita" "Kruschev") ("Vladimir" "Putin") ("Vladimir" "Lenin")
("Yuri" "Andropov"))
(select [last-name] :from [employee]
:field-names nil)
=> ("Andropov" "Boris" "Brezhnev" "Chernenko" "Gorbachev" "Josef" "Konstantin"
"Kruschev" "Lenin" "Leon" "Leonid" "Mikhail" "Nikita" "Putin" "Stalin"
- "Trotsky" "Vladamir" "Yeltsin" "Yuri")
+ "Trotsky" "Vladimir" "Yeltsin" "Yuri")
</screen>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
:order-by [last-name]]
collect (concatenate 'string forename " " surname))
=> ("Yuri Andropov" "Leonid Brezhnev" "Konstantin Chernenko" "Mikhail Gorbachev"
- "Nikita Kruschev" "Vladamir Lenin" "Vladamir Putin" "Josef Stalin"
+ "Nikita Kruschev" "Vladimir Lenin" "Vladimir Putin" "Josef Stalin"
"Leon Trotsky" "Boris Yeltsin")
(loop for (e) being the records in
[select [first-name] [last-name] :from [employee]
:order-by [last-name]])
=> (("Yuri" "Andropov") ("Leonid" "Brezhnev") ("Konstantin" "Chernenko")
- ("Mikhail" "Gorbachev") ("Nikita" "Kruschev") ("Vladamir" "Lenin")
- ("Vladamir" "Putin") ("Josef" "Stalin") ("Leon" "Trotsky")
+ ("Mikhail" "Gorbachev") ("Nikita" "Kruschev") ("Vladimir" "Lenin")
+ ("Vladimir" "Putin") ("Josef" "Stalin") ("Leon" "Trotsky")
("Boris" "Yeltsin"))
(map-query 'list #'last-name [select 'employee :order-by [emplid]])