<title>Functional Data Manipulation Language (FDML)</title>
<partintro>
<para>
- <!-- introduction -->
+ The functional data manipulation interface provided by &clsql;
+ includes functions for inserting, updating and deleting records
+ in existing database tables and executing SQL queries and
+ statements with the results of queries returned as Lisp types.
+ SQL statements expressed as strings may be executed with the
+ <link linkend="query"><function>query</function></link> and
+ <link
+ linkend="execute-command"><function>execute-command</function></link>
+ functions. The <link
+ linkend="select"><function>select</function></link> function, on
+ the other hand, allows for the construction of queries in Lisp
+ using the symbolic SQL syntax. Finally, iterative manipulation
+ of query results is supported by <link
+ linkend="do-query"><function>do-query</function></link>, <link
+ linkend="map-query"><function>map-query</function></link> and an
+ extended clause for the <link
+ linkend="loop-tuples"><function>loop</function></link> macro.
</para>
</partintro>
-
<!-- Caching table queries -->
<refentry id="cache-table-queries-default">
<refentrytitle>*CACHE-TABLE-QUERIES-DEFAULT*</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Variable</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">*CACHE-TABLE-QUERIES-DEFAULT*</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>*CACHE-TABLE-QUERIES-DEFAULT*</refname>
<refpurpose>Specifies the default behaviour for caching of
attribute types.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Variable</refclass>
<refentrytitle>CACHE-TABLE-QUERIES</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">CACHE-TABLE-QUERIES</emphasis></refname>
- <refpurpose>Controls the caching of attribute type information for a database table.</refpurpose>
- <refclass>Function</refclass>
+ <refname>CACHE-TABLE-QUERIES</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Control the caching of table attribute types.</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
- <synopsis>
- <function>cache-table-queries</function> <replaceable>table</replaceable> &key <replaceable>action</replaceable> <replaceable>database</replaceable>) => <returnvalue></returnvalue></synopsis>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Arguments and Values</title>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>table</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- A string representing a database table, &t; or
- <symbol>:default</symbol>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>action</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- &t;, &nil; or <symbol>:flush</symbol>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>database</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>A
- <glossterm linkend="gloss-database-object">database
- object</glossterm>. This will default to the value
- of <symbol>*default-database*</symbol>.</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
- <para>Controls the caching of attribute type information on the
- table specified by <parameter>table</parameter> in
- <parameter>database</parameter> which defaults to
- <symbol>*default-database*</symbol>. <parameter>action</parameter>
- specifies the caching behaviour to adopt. If its value is &t;
- then attribute type information is cached whereas if its value
- is &nil; then attribute type information is not cached. If
- <parameter>action</parameter> is <symbol>:flush</symbol> then
- all existing type information in the cache for
- <parameter>table</parameter> is removed, but caching is still
- enabled. <parameter>table</parameter> may be a string
- representing a table for which the caching action is to be taken
- while the caching action is applied to all tables if
- <parameter>table</parameter> is &t;. Alternatively, when
- <parameter>table</parameter> is <symbol>:default</symbol>, the
- default caching action specified by
- <symbol>*cache-table-queries-default*</symbol> is applied to all
- tables for which a caching action has not been explicitly set.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <screen>
-(setf *cache-table-queries-default* t)
-=> T
-(create-table [foo]
- '(([id] integer)
- ([height] float)
- ([name] (string 24))
- ([comments] varchar)))
-=>
-(cache-table-queries "foo")
-=>
-(list-attribute-types "foo")
-=> (("id" :INT4 4 NIL 1) ("height" :FLOAT8 8 NIL 1) ("name" :BPCHAR 24 NIL 1)
- ("comments" :VARCHAR 255 NIL 1))
-(drop-table "foo")
-=>
-(create-table [foo]
- '(([id] integer)
- ([height] float)
- ([name] (string 36))
- ([comments] (string 100))))
-=>
-(cache-table-queries "foo" :action :flush)
-=>
-(list-attribute-types "foo")
-=> (("id" :INT4 4 NIL 1) ("height" :FLOAT8 8 NIL 1) ("name" :BPCHAR 36 NIL 1)
- ("comments" :BPCHAR 100 NIL 1))
- </screen>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Side Effects</title>
- <para>
- The internal attribute cache for
- <parameter>database</parameter> is modified.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Affected by</title>
- <simplelist>
- <member><link linkend="cache-table-queries-default"><symbol>*cache-table-queries-default*</symbol></link></member>
- </simplelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
- <para>
- None.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <simplelist>
- <member><link linkend="cache-table-queries-default"><symbol>*cache-table-queries-default*</symbol></link></member>
- </simplelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Notes</title>
<para>
- None.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
-
- <!-- insert/update/delete records -->
-
<refentry id="insert-records">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>INSERT-RECORDS</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">INSERT-RECORDS</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>INSERT-RECORDS</refname>
<refpurpose>Insert tuples of data into a database table.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Function</refclass>
</refnamediv>
<refentrytitle>UPDATE-RECORDS</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">UPDATE-RECORDS</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>UPDATE-RECORDS</refname>
<refpurpose>Updates the values of existing records.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Function</refclass>
</refnamediv>
<refentrytitle>DELETE-RECORDS</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">DELETE-RECORDS</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>DELETE-RECORDS</refname>
<refpurpose>Delete records from a database table.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Function</refclass>
</refnamediv>
<refentrytitle>EXECUTE-COMMAND</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Generic Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">EXECUTE-COMMAND</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>EXECUTE-COMMAND</refname>
<refpurpose>Execute an SQL command which returns no values.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Generic Function</refclass>
</refnamediv>
<refentrytitle>QUERY</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Generic Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">QUERY</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>QUERY</refname>
<refpurpose>Execute an SQL query and return the tuples as a
list.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Generic Function</refclass>
<refentrytitle>PRINT-QUERY</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">PRINT-QUERY</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>PRINT-QUERY</refname>
<refpurpose>Prints a tabular report of query results.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Function</refclass>
</refnamediv>
<refentrytitle>SELECT</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">SELECT</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>SELECT</refname>
<refpurpose>Executes a query given the supplied constraints.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Function</refclass>
</refnamediv>
in the tuple.
</para>
</listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Side Effects</title>
- <para>
<para>Whatever effects the execution of the SQL query has on
the underlying database, if any.</para>
- </para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Affected by</title>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
+ <para>
+ The <function>select</function> function is actually
+ implemented in &clsql; with a single
+ <symbol>&rest</symbol> parameter (which is subsequently
+ destructured) rather than the keyword parameters presented
+ here for the purposes of exposition. This means that incorrect
+ or missing keywords or values may not trigger errors in the
+ way that they would if <function>select</function> had been
+ defined using keyword arguments.
+ </para>
<para>
The <parameter>field-names</parameter> and
<parameter>result-types</parameter> keyword arguments are a
<refentrytitle>DO-QUERY</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Macro</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">DO-QUERY</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>DO-QUERY</refname>
<refpurpose>Iterate over all the tuples of a query.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Macro</refclass>
</refnamediv>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
- <refentry id="for-each-row">
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>FOR-EACH-ROW</refentrytitle>
- </refmeta>
- <refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">FOR-EACH-ROW</emphasis></refname>
- <refpurpose><!-- purpose --></refpurpose>
- <refclass>Function</refclass>
- </refnamediv>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Syntax</title>
- <synopsis>
- <function>for-each-row</function> &KEY FROM ORDER-BY WHERE DISTINCT LIMIT &REST FIELDS &body <replaceable>body</replaceable> => <returnvalue><!-- result --></returnvalue></synopsis>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Arguments and Values</title>
- <variablelist>
- <!-- arguments and values -->
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
- <para>
- <!-- description -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <screen>
- <!-- examples -->
- </screen>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Side Effects</title>
- <para>
- <!-- side effects -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Affected by</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- affected by -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
- <para>
- <!-- execeptional situations -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <simplelist>
- <member><link linkend="query"><function>query</function></link></member>
- <member><link linkend="print-query"><function>print-query</function></link></member>
- <member><link linkend="do-query"><function>do-query</function></link></member>
- <member><link linkend="map-query"><function>map-query</function></link></member>
- <member><link linkend="loop-tuples"><function>loop</function></link></member>
- <member><link linkend="select"><function>select</function></link></member>
- </simplelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Notes</title>
- <para>
- <!-- notes here -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- </refentry>
-
<refentry id="loop-tuples">
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>LOOP</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Additional clause</emphasis> for <emphasis role="bold">LOOP</emphasis></refname>
- <refpurpose>Iterate over all the tuples of a
- query via a loop clause.</refpurpose>
+ <refname>LOOP</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Extension to Common Lisp
+ <computeroutput>Loop</computeroutput> to iterate over all the
+ tuples of a query via a loop clause.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Loop Clause</refclass>
</refnamediv>
<!-- refsect1>
<refentrytitle>MAP-QUERY</refentrytitle>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">MAP-QUERY</emphasis></refname>
+ <refname>MAP-QUERY</refname>
<refpurpose>Map a function over all the tuples from a
query</refpurpose>
<refclass>Function</refclass>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
-
- <!-- prepared statements -->
-
- <refentry id="prepare-sql">
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>PREPARE-SQL</refentrytitle>
- </refmeta>
- <refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">PREPARE-SQL</emphasis></refname>
- <refpurpose>Create a prepared statement.</refpurpose>
- <refclass>Function</refclass>
- </refnamediv>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Syntax</title>
- <synopsis>
- <function>prepare-sql</function> <replaceable>sql-stmt types</replaceable> &key <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>result-types</replaceable> <replaceable>field-names</replaceable> => <returnvalue>result</returnvalue></synopsis>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Arguments and Values</title>
- <variablelist>
- <!-- arguments and values -->
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
- <para>Prepares a SQL statement <parameter>sql-stmt</parameter>
- for execution. <parameter>types</parameter> contains a list of
- types corresponding to the input parameters. Returns a
- prepared-statement object.
-
- A type can be
- :int
- :double
- :null
- (:string n)
-
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <screen>
- <!-- examples -->
- </screen>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Side Effects</title>
- <para>
- <!-- side effects -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Affected by</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- affected by -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
- <para>
- <!-- execeptional situations -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- see also -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Notes</title>
- <para>
- <!-- notes -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- </refentry>
-
- <refentry id="run-prepared-sql">
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>RUN-PREPARED-SQL</refentrytitle>
- </refmeta>
- <refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">RUN-PREPARED-SQL</emphasis></refname>
- <refpurpose>Execute a prepared statement.</refpurpose>
- <refclass>Function</refclass>
- </refnamediv>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Syntax</title>
- <synopsis>
- <function>run-prepared-sql</function> <replaceable>prepared-stmt</replaceable> => <returnvalue><!-- result --></returnvalue></synopsis>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Arguments and Values</title>
- <variablelist>
- <!-- arguments and values -->
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
- <para>Execute the prepared sql statment. All input
- parameters must be bound.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <screen>
- <!-- examples -->
- </screen>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Side Effects</title>
- <para>
- <!-- side effects -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Affected by</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- affected by -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
- <para>
- <!-- execeptional situations -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- see also -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Notes</title>
- <para>
- <!-- notes -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- </refentry>
-
- <refentry id="free-prepared-sql">
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>FREE-PREPARED-SQL</refentrytitle>
- </refmeta>
- <refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">FREE-PREPARED-SQL</emphasis></refname>
- <refpurpose>Delete a prepared statement object.</refpurpose>
- <refclass>Function</refclass>
- </refnamediv>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Syntax</title>
- <synopsis>
- <function>free-prepared-sql</function> <replaceable>prepared-stmt</replaceable> => <returnvalue><!-- result --></returnvalue></synopsis>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Arguments and Values</title>
- <variablelist>
- <!-- arguments and values -->
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
- <para>Delete the objects associated with a prepared
- statement.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <screen>
- <!-- examples -->
- </screen>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Side Effects</title>
- <para>
- <!-- side effects -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Affected by</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- affected by -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
- <para>
- <!-- execeptional situations -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- see also -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Notes</title>
- <para>
- <!-- notes -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- </refentry>
-
- <refentry id="bind-parameter">
- <refmeta>
- <refentrytitle>BIND-PARAMETER</refentrytitle>
- </refmeta>
- <refnamediv>
- <refname><emphasis>Function</emphasis> <emphasis role="bold">BIND-PARAMETER</emphasis></refname>
- <refpurpose>Bind a parameter in a prepared statement.</refpurpose>
- <refclass>Function</refclass>
- </refnamediv>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Syntax</title>
- <synopsis>
- <function>bind-parameter</function> <replaceable>prepared-stmt</replaceable> <replaceable>position</replaceable> <replaceable>value</replaceable> => <returnvalue><!-- result --></returnvalue></synopsis>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Arguments and Values</title>
- <variablelist>
- <!-- arguments and values -->
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
- <para>Sets the value of a parameter in a prepared statement.
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <screen>
- <!-- examples -->
- </screen>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Side Effects</title>
- <para>
- <!-- side effects -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Affected by</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- affected by -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
- <para>
- <!-- execeptional situations -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>See Also</title>
- <para>
- <simplelist>
- <!-- see also -->
- </simplelist>
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Notes</title>
- <para>
- <!-- notes -->
- </para>
- </refsect1>
- </refentry>
-
</reference>
+