%myents;
]>
-<!-- Object Oriented Data Definition Language -->
-<reference id="ref-ooddl">
- <title>Object Oriented Data Definition Language (OODDL)</title>
- <partintro>
- <para>
- The Object Oriented Data Definition Language (OODDL) provides
- access to relational SQL tables using Common Lisp Object System
- (CLOS) objects. SQL tables are mapped to CLOS objects with the
- SQL columns being mapped to slots of the CLOS object.
- </para>
- <para>
- The mapping between SQL tables and CLOS objects is defined
- with the macro <link
- linkend="def-view-class"><function>def-view-class</function></link>. SQL
- tables are created with <link
- linkend="create-view-from-class"><function>create-view-from-class</function></link>
- and SQL tables can be deleted with <link
- linkend="drop-view-from-class"><function>drop-view-from-class</function></link>.
- </para>
- <note>The above functions refer to the Lisp <emphasis>view</emphasis> of the SQL
- table. This Lisp view should not be confused with SQL <function>VIEW</function> statement.
- </note>
+<!-- Object Oriented Data Definition Language -->
+<reference id="ref-ooddl">
+ <title>Object Oriented Data Definition Language (OODDL)</title>
+ <partintro>
+ <para>
+ The Object Oriented Data Definition Language (OODDL) provides
+ access to relational SQL tables using Common Lisp Object System
+ (CLOS) objects. SQL tables are mapped to CLOS objects with the
+ SQL columns being mapped to slots of the CLOS object.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ The mapping between SQL tables and CLOS objects is defined with
+ the macro <link
+ linkend="def-view-class"><function>def-view-class</function></link>. SQL
+ tables are created with <link
+ linkend="create-view-from-class"><function>create-view-from-class</function></link>
+ and SQL tables can be deleted with <link
+ linkend="drop-view-from-class"><function>drop-view-from-class</function></link>.
+ </para>
+ <note>
+ <para>The above functions refer to the Lisp
+ <emphasis>view</emphasis> of the SQL table. This Lisp view
+ should not be confused with SQL <function>VIEW</function>
+ statement.</para>
+ </note>
</partintro>
<refentry id="standard-db-object">
<refsect1>
<title>Class Precedence List</title>
<para>
- <simplelist type="inline">
- <member><type>standard-db-object</type></member>
- <member><type>standard-object</type></member>
- <member><type>t</type></member>
- </simplelist>
+ <simplelist type="inline">
+ <member><type>standard-db-object</type></member>
+ <member><type>standard-object</type></member>
+ <member><type>t</type></member>
+ </simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
of all &clsql; View Classes.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
- <title class="contenttitle">Class details</title>
+ <title>Class details</title>
<programlisting>(defclass STANDARD-DB-OBJECT ()(...))</programlisting>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
- <title class="contenttitle">Slots</title>
+ <title>Slots</title>
<para>
- <simplelist>
- <property>slot VIEW-DATABASE is of type (OR NULL DATABASE)
+ <simplelist>
+ <member>slot VIEW-DATABASE is of type (OR NULL DATABASE)
which stores the associated database for the
- instance.</property>
- </simplelist>
+ instance.</member>
+ </simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refsect1>
<title>Value Type</title>
<para>
- Fixnum
- </para>
+ Fixnum
+ </para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Initial Value</title>
<para><parameter>255</parameter></para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
- <title>Description</title>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
If a slot of a class defined by
- <function>DEF-VIEW-CLASS</function> is of the type
- <parameter>STRING</parameter> or <parameter>VARCHAR</parameter> and does
- not have a length specified, then the value of this variable
- is used as SQL length.
+ <function>def-view-class</function> is of the type
+ <parameter>string</parameter> or
+ <parameter>varchar</parameter> and does not have a length
+ specified, then the value of this variable is used as SQL
+ length.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<screen>
- (let ((*default-string-length* 80))
- (def-view-class s80 ()
- ((a :type string)
- (b :type (string 80))
- (c :type varchar))))
- (create-view-from-class 's80)
+(let ((*default-string-length* 80))
+ (def-view-class s80 ()
+ ((a :type string)
+ (b :type (string 80))
+ (c :type varchar))))
+=> #<Standard-Db-Class S80 {480A431D}>
+
+(create-view-from-class 's80)
+=>
+(table-exists-p [s80])
+=> T
</screen>
<para>
The above code causes a SQL table to be created with the SQL command
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Affected By</title>
- <para>Some SQL backends do not support <parameter>VARCHAR</parameter>
- lengths greater than 255 .</para>
+ <para>
+ Some SQL backends do not support
+ <parameter>varchar</parameter> lengths greater than 255.
+ </para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<refentry id="create-view-from-class">
<refnamediv>
<refname>CREATE-VIEW-FROM-CLASS</refname>
- <refpurpose>Create a SQL table from a view class.</refpurpose>
+ <refpurpose>Create a SQL table from a <glossterm linkend="gloss-view-class">View Class</glossterm>.</refpurpose>
<refclass>Function</refclass>
</refnamediv>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
<synopsis>
- <function> (create-view-from-class view-class-name &key (database *default-database*) (transactions t))</function> => <returnvalue><!-- no values --></returnvalue></synopsis>
+ <function>create-view-from-class</function> <replaceable>view-class-name</replaceable> &key <replaceable>database</replaceable> <replaceable>transactions</replaceable> => <returnvalue><!-- no values --></returnvalue></synopsis>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments and Values</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>view-class-name</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The name of a view class that has been defined with
- <link linkend="def-view-class"><function>def-view-class</function></link>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The name of a <glossterm linkend="gloss-view-class">View
+ Class</glossterm> that has been defined with <link
+ linkend="def-view-class"><function>def-view-class</function></link>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>database</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The database in which to create the SQL table.
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <glossterm
+ linkend="gloss-database-object">database</glossterm> in
+ which to create the SQL table. This will default to the
+ value of <symbol>*default-database*</symbol>.
</para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>transactions</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- When &nil; specifies that a table type which does not support transactions should be used.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ When &nil; specifies that a table type which does not
+ support transactions should be used.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
- <para>Creates a table as defined by the View Class
- VIEW-CLASS-NAME in DATABASE which defaults to
- *DEFAULT-DATABASE*.
+ <para>
+ Creates a table as defined by the <glossterm
+ linkend="gloss-view-class">View Class</glossterm>
+ <parameter>view-class-name</parameter> in
+ <parameter>database</parameter>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<screen>
- * (def-view-class 'foo () ((a :type (string 80))))
- #<CLSQL-SYS::STANDARD-DB-CLASS FOO>
- * (create-view-from-class 'foo)
- * (list-tables)
- ("FOO")
+(def-view-class foo () ((a :type (string 80))))
+=> #<Standard-Db-Class FOO {4807F7CD}>
+(create-view-from-class 'foo)
+=>
+(list-tables)
+=> ("FOO")
</screen>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Exceptional Situations</title>
<para>
- A condition will be signaled if the table can not be created
- in the SQL database.
+ A condition will be signaled if the table can not be created
+ in the SQL database.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
- <simplelist>
+ <simplelist>
<member><link linkend="def-view-class"><function>def-view-class</function></link></member>
<member><link linkend="drop-view-from-class"><function>drop-view-from-class</function></link></member>
</simplelist>
applications which would benefit from faster table access and
do not require transaction support.
</para>
+ <para>
+ The case of the table name is determined by the type of the
+ database. &mysql;, for example, creates databases in upper-case
+ while &postgresql; uses lowercase.
+ </para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
<synopsis>
- <function>(def-view-class name superclasses slots &rest class-options) [macro]</function> => <returnvalue>class</returnvalue></synopsis>
+ <function>def-view-class</function> <replaceable>name</replaceable> <replaceable>superclasses</replaceable> <replaceable>slots</replaceable> &rest <replaceable>class-options</replaceable> => <returnvalue>class</returnvalue></synopsis>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments and Values</title>
<variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The class name.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The superclasses for the defined class.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>slots</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The class slot definitions.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>class</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The defined class.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
- </refsect1>
- <refsect1>
- <title>Slot Options</title>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> - specifies the kind of
- DB mapping which is performed for this slot and defaults
- to <parameter>:base</parameter> which indicates that the
- slot maps to an ordinary column of the database table. A
- <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> value of
- <parameter>:key</parameter> indicates that this slot is
- a special kind of <parameter>:base</parameter> slot
- which maps onto a column which is one of the unique keys
- for the database table, the value
- <parameter>:join</parameter> indicates this slot
- represents a join onto another View Class which contains
- View Class objects, and the value
- <parameter>:virtual</parameter> indicates a standard
- CLOS slot which does not map onto columns of the
- database table.
- </para>
- </listitem>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- <parameter>:db-info</parameter> - if a slot is specified with
- <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> <parameter>:join</parameter>, the
- slot option <parameter>:db-info</parameter> contains a list
- which specifies the nature of the join.
+ The class name.
</para>
</listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>superclasses</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- <parameter>:type</parameter> - for slots of
- <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> <parameter>:base</parameter> or
- <parameter>:key</parameter>, the <parameter>:type</parameter> slot
- option has a special interpretation such that Lisp
- types, such as string, integer and float are
- automatically converted into appropriate SQL types for
- the column onto which the slot maps. This behaviour may
- be overridden using the <parameter>:db-type</parameter> slot
- option. The valid values are:
- <simplelist>
- <member>
- <parameter>string</parameter> - a variable length character field up to
- <link linkend="default-string-length">*default-string-length*</link> characters.
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>(string n)</parameter> - a fixed length character field
- <parameter>n</parameter> characters long.
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>varchar</parameter> - a variable length character field up to
- <link linkend="default-string-length">*default-string-length*</link> characters.
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>(varchar n)</parameter> - a variable length character field up to
- <parameter>n</parameter> characters in length.
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>char</parameter> - a single character field
- </member>
- <member><parameter>integer</parameter> - signed integer at least 32-bits wide</member>
- <member><parameter>(integer n)</parameter></member>
- <member><parameter>float</parameter></member>
- <member><parameter>(float n)</parameter></member>
- <member><parameter>long-float</parameter></member>
- <member><parameter>number</parameter></member>
- <member><parameter>(number n)</parameter></member>
- <member><parameter>(number n p)</parameter></member>
- <member>
- <parameter>smallint</parameter> - An integer column 16-bits
- wide. [not supported by all database backends]
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>bigint</parameter> - An integer column
- 64-bits wide. [not supported by all database backends]
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>universal-time</parameter> - an integer
- field sufficiently wide to store a
- universal-time. On most databases, a slot of this
- type assigned a SQL type of
- <parameter>BIGINT</parameter>
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>wall-time</parameter> - a slot which
- stores a date and time in a SQL timestamp
- column. &clsql; provides a number of time
- manipulation functions to support objects of type
- <type>wall-time</type>.
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>duration</parameter> - stores a <type>duration</type> structure.
- &clsql; provides routines for <type>wall-time</type> and <type>duration</type>
- processing.
- </member>
- <member><parameter>boolean</parameter> - stores a &t; or &nil; value.</member>
- <member>
- <parameter>generalized-boolean</parameter> - similar
- to a <parameter>boolean</parameter> in that either a
- &t; or &nil; value is stored in the SQL
- database. However, any Lisp object can be stored in
- the Lisp object. A Lisp value of &nil; is stored as
- <constant>FALSE</constant> in the database, any
- other Lisp value is stored as
- <constant>TRUE</constant>.
- </member>
- <member>
- <parameter>keyword</parameter> - stores a keyword
- </member>
- <member><parameter>symbol</parameter> - stores a symbol</member>
- <member>
- <parameter>list</parameter> - stores a list by writing it to a string. The items
- in the list must be able to be readable written.
- </member>
- <member><parameter>vector</parameter> - stores a vector similarly to <parameter>list</parameter></member>
- <member><parameter>array</parameter> - stores a array similarly to <parameter>list</parameter></member>
- </simplelist>
+ The superclasses for the defined class.
</para>
-
</listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>slots</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- <parameter>:column</parameter> - specifies the name of
- the SQL column which the slot maps onto, if
- <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> is not
- <parameter>:virtual</parameter>, and defaults to the
- slot name.
+ The class slot definitions.
</para>
</listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- <parameter>:void-value</parameter> - specifies
- the value to store in the Lisp instance if the SQL value is NULL and defaults
- to NIL.
- </para>
- </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>class options</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- <parameter>:db-constraints</parameter> - is a string
- representing an SQL table constraint expression or a
- list of such strings.
+ The class options.
</para>
</listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>class</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- <parameter>:db-type</parameter> - a string to specify the SQL
- column type. If specified, this string overrides the SQL
- column type as computed from the <parameter>:type</parameter>
- slot value.
+ The defined class.
</para>
</listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Slot Options</title>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> - specifies the kind of
+ database mapping which is performed for this slot and
+ defaults to <parameter>:base</parameter> which indicates
+ that the slot maps to an ordinary column of the database
+ table. A <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> value of
+ <parameter>:key</parameter> indicates that this slot is a
+ special kind of <parameter>:base</parameter> slot which
+ maps onto a column which is one of the unique keys for the
+ database table, the value <parameter>:join</parameter>
+ indicates this slot represents a join onto another
+ <glossterm linkend="gloss-view-class">View Class</glossterm>
+ which contains View Class objects, and the value
+ <parameter>:virtual</parameter> indicates a standard CLOS
+ slot which does not map onto columns of the database
+ table.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:db-info</parameter> - if a slot is specified
+ with <parameter>:db-kind</parameter>
+ <parameter>:join</parameter>, the slot option
+ <parameter>:db-info</parameter> contains a property list
+ which specifies the nature of the join. The valid members
+ of the list are:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:join-class</parameter>
+ <emphasis>class-name</emphasis> - the name of the
+ class to join on.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:home-key</parameter>
+ <emphasis>slot-name</emphasis> - the name of the slot
+ of this class for joining
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:foreign-key</parameter>
+ <emphasis>slot-name</emphasis> - the name of the slot
+ of the <parameter>:join-class</parameter> for joining
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:target-slot</parameter>
+ <emphasis>target-slot</emphasis> - this is an optional
+ parameter. If specified, then the join slot of the
+ defining class will contain instances of this target
+ slot rather than of the join class. This can be useful
+ when the <parameter>:join-class</parameter> is an
+ intermediate class in a
+ <emphasis>many-to-many</emphasis> relationship and the
+ application is actually interested in the
+ <parameter>:target-slot</parameter>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:retrieval</parameter>
+ <emphasis>time</emphasis> - The default value is
+ <parameter>:deferred</parameter>, which defers filling
+ this slot until the value is accessed. The other valid
+ value is <parameter>:immediate</parameter> which
+ performs the SQL query when the instance of the class
+ is created. In this case, the
+ <parameter>:set</parameter> is automatically set to
+ &nil;
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:set</parameter> <emphasis>set</emphasis> -
+ This controls what is stored in the join slot. The
+ default value is &t;. When <emphasis>set</emphasis> is
+ &t; and <emphasis>target-slot</emphasis> is undefined,
+ the join slot will contain a list of instances of the
+ join class. Whereas, if
+ <emphasis>target-slot</emphasis> is defined, then the
+ join slot will contain a list of pairs of
+ <emphasis>(target-value join-instance)</emphasis>.
+ When <emphasis>set</emphasis> is &nil;, the join slot
+ will contain a single instances.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:type</parameter> - for slots of
+ <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> <parameter>:base</parameter> or
+ <parameter>:key</parameter>, the <parameter>:type</parameter> slot
+ option has a special interpretation such that Lisp
+ types, such as string, integer and float are
+ automatically converted into appropriate SQL types for
+ the column onto which the slot maps. This behaviour may
+ be overridden using the <parameter>:db-type</parameter> slot
+ option. The valid values are:
+ <simplelist>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>string</parameter> - a variable length
+ character field up to <link
+ linkend="default-string-length">*default-string-length*</link>
+ characters.
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>(string n)</parameter> - a fixed length
+ character field <parameter>n</parameter> characters
+ long.
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>varchar</parameter> - a variable length
+ character field up to <link
+ linkend="default-string-length">*default-string-length*</link>
+ characters.
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>(varchar n)</parameter> - a variable length
+ character field up to <parameter>n</parameter>
+ characters in length.
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>char</parameter> - a single character field
+ </member>
+ <member><parameter>integer</parameter> - signed integer
+ at least 32-bits wide</member>
+ <member><parameter>(integer n)</parameter></member>
+ <member><parameter>float</parameter></member>
+ <member><parameter>(float n)</parameter></member>
+ <member><parameter>long-float</parameter></member>
+ <member><parameter>number</parameter></member>
+ <member><parameter>(number n)</parameter></member>
+ <member><parameter>(number n p)</parameter></member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>tinyint</parameter> - An integer column 8-bits
+ wide. [not supported by all database backends]
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>smallint</parameter> - An integer column 16-bits
+ wide. [not supported by all database backends]
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>bigint</parameter> - An integer column
+ 64-bits wide. [not supported by all database backends]
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>universal-time</parameter> - an integer
+ field sufficiently wide to store a
+ universal-time. On most databases, a slot of this
+ type assigned a SQL type of
+ <parameter>BIGINT</parameter>
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>wall-time</parameter> - a slot which stores
+ a date and time in a SQL timestamp column. &clsql;
+ provides a number of time manipulation functions to
+ support objects of type <type>wall-time</type>.
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>date</parameter> - a slot which stores the
+ date (without any time of day resolution) in a
+ column. &clsql; provides a number of time
+ manipulation functions that operate on date values.
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>duration</parameter> - stores a
+ <type>duration</type> structure. &clsql; provides
+ routines for <type>wall-time</type> and
+ <type>duration</type> processing.
+ </member>
+ <member><parameter>boolean</parameter> - stores a &t; or
+ &nil; value.</member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>generalized-boolean</parameter> - similar
+ to a <parameter>boolean</parameter> in that either a
+ &t; or &nil; value is stored in the SQL
+ database. However, any Lisp object can be stored in
+ the Lisp object. A Lisp value of &nil; is stored as
+ <constant>FALSE</constant> in the database, any
+ other Lisp value is stored as
+ <constant>TRUE</constant>.
+ </member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>keyword</parameter> - stores a keyword
+ </member>
+ <member><parameter>symbol</parameter> - stores a symbol</member>
+ <member>
+ <parameter>list</parameter> - stores a list by writing
+ it to a string. The items in the list must be able to
+ be readable written.
+ </member>
+ <member><parameter>vector</parameter> - stores a vector
+ similarly to <parameter>list</parameter></member>
+ <member><parameter>array</parameter> - stores a array
+ similarly to <parameter>list</parameter></member>
+ </simplelist>
+ </para>
+
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:column</parameter> - specifies the name of
+ the SQL column which the slot maps onto, if
+ <parameter>:db-kind</parameter> is not
+ <parameter>:virtual</parameter>, and defaults to the
+ slot name. If the slot name is used for the SQL column
+ name, any hypens in the slot name are converted
+ to underscore characters.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:void-value</parameter> - specifies the value
+ to store in the Lisp instance if the SQL value is NULL and
+ defaults to NIL.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:db-constraints</parameter> - is a keyword
+ symbol representing an SQL column constraint expression or
+ a list of such symbols. The following column constraints
+ are supported: <symbol>:not-null</symbol>,
+ <symbol>:primary-key</symbol>, <symbol>:unique</symbol>,
+ <symbol>:unsigned</symbol> (&mysql; specific),
+ <symbol>:zerofill</symbol> (&mysql; specific) and
+ <symbol>:auto-increment</symbol> (&mysql; specific).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:db-type</parameter> - a string to specify the SQL
+ column type. If specified, this string overrides the SQL
+ column type as computed from the <parameter>:type</parameter>
+ slot value.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:db-reader</parameter> - If a string, then when
+ reading values from the database, the string will be used
+ for a format string, with the only value being the value
+ from the database. The resulting string will be used as
+ the slot value. If a function then it will take one
+ argument, the value from the database, and return the
+ value that should be put into the slot. If a symbol, then
+ the symbol-function of the symbol will be used.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:db-writer</parameter> - If a string, then when
+ reading values from the slot for the database, the string
+ will be used for a format string, with the only value
+ being the value of the slot. The resulting string will be
+ used as the column value in the database. If a function
+ then it will take one argument, the value of the slot, and
+ return the value that should be put into the database. If
+ a symbol, then the symbol-function of the symbol will be
+ used.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
- <parameter>:base-table</parameter> - specifies the name of the
- SQL database table. The default value is the class name.
+ <parameter>:base-table</parameter> - specifies the name
+ of the SQL database table. The default value is the
+ class name. Like slot names, hypens in the class name
+ are converted to underscore characters.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ <parameter>:normalisedp</parameter> - specifies whether
+ this class uses normalised inheritance from parent classes.
+ Defaults to nil, i.e. non-normalised schemas. When true,
+ SQL database tables that map to this class and parent
+ classes are joined on their primary keys to get the full
+ set of database columns for this class.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>
- Creates a View Class called <parameter>NAME</parameter> whose
- slots <parameter>SLOTS</parameter> can map onto the attributes
+ Creates a <glossterm linkend="gloss-view-class">View
+ Class</glossterm> called <parameter>name</parameter> whose
+ slots <parameter>slots</parameter> can map onto the attributes
of a table in a database. If
- <parameter>SUPERCLASSES</parameter> is &nil; then the
- superclass of <parameter>CLASS</parameter> will be
- <parameter>STANDARD-DB-OBJECT</parameter>, otherwise
- <parameter>SUPERCLASSES</parameter> is a list of superclasses
- for <parameter>CLASS</parameter> which must include
- <parameter>STANDARD-DB-OBJECT</parameter> or a descendent of this
- class.
+ <parameter>superclasses</parameter> is &nil; then the
+ superclass of <parameter>class</parameter> will be
+ <parameter>standard-db-object</parameter>, otherwise
+ <parameter>superclasses</parameter> is a list of superclasses
+ for <parameter>class</parameter> which must include
+ <parameter>standard-db-object</parameter> or a descendent of
+ this class.
</para>
+ <title>Normalised inheritance schemas</title>
+ <para>
+ Specifying that <symbol>:normalisedp</symbol> is <symbol>T</symbol>
+ tells &clsql; to normalise the database schema for inheritance.
+ What this means is shown in the examples below.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>
+ With <symbol>:normalisedp</symbol> equal to <symbol>NIL</symbol>
+ (the default) the class inheritance would result in the following:
+ </para>
+ <screen>
+(def-view-class node ()
+ ((title :accessor title :initarg :title :type (varchar 240))))
+
+SQL table NODE:
++-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
++-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| TITLE | varchar(240) | YES | | NULL | |
++-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+
+(def-view-class user (node)
+ ((user-id :accessor user-id :initarg :user-id
+ :type integer :db-kind :key :db-constraints (:not-null))
+ (nick :accessor nick :initarg :nick :type (varchar 64))))
+
+SQL table USER:
++---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
++---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| USER_ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |
+| NICK | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
+| TITLE | varchar(240) | YES | | NULL | |
++---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+ </screen>
+
+ <para>
+ Using <symbol>:normalisedp</symbol> <symbol>T</symbol>, both
+ view-classes need a primary key to join them on:
+ </para>
+ <screen>
+(def-view-class node ()
+ ((node-id :accessor node-id :initarg :node-id
+ :type integer :db-kind :key
+ :db-constraints (:not-null))
+ (title :accessor title :initarg :title :type (varchar 240))))
+
+SQL table NODE:
++---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
++---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| NODE_ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |
+| TITLE | varchar(240) | YES | | NULL | |
++---------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+
+(def-view-class user (node)
+ ((user-id :accessor user-id :initarg :user-id
+ :type integer :db-kind :key :db-constraints (:not-null))
+ (nick :accessor nick :initarg :nick :type (varchar 64)))
+ (:normalisedp t))
+
+SQL table USER:
++---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
++---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+| USER_ID | int(11) | NO | PRI | | |
+| NICK | varchar(64) | YES | | NULL | |
++---------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
+ </screen>
+
+ <para>
+ In this second case, all slots of the view-class 'node
+ are also available in view-class 'user, and can be used
+ as one would expect. For example, with the above normalised
+ view-classes 'node and 'user, and SQL tracing turned on:
+ </para>
+ <screen>
+CLSQL> (setq test-user (make-instance 'user :node-id 1 :nick "test-user"
+ :title "This is a test user"))
+<![CDATA[#<USER {1003B392E1}>]]>
+
+CLSQL> (update-records-from-instance test-user :database db)
+<![CDATA[
+;; .. => INSERT INTO NODE (NODE_ID,TITLE) VALUES (1,'This is a test user')
+;; .. <= T
+;; .. => INSERT INTO USER (USER_ID,NICK) VALUES (1,'test-user')
+;; .. <= T
+1
+]]>
+
+CLSQL> (node-id test-user)
+1
+
+CLSQL> (title test-user)
+"This is a test user"
+
+CLSQL> (nick test-user)
+"test-user"
+ </screen>
+
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
+ <para>
+ The following examples are from the &clsql; test suite.
+ </para>
<screen>
- <!-- examples -->
+(def-view-class person (thing)
+ ((height :db-kind :base :accessor height :type float
+ :initarg :height)
+ (married :db-kind :base :accessor married :type boolean
+ :initarg :married)
+ (birthday :type clsql:wall-time :initarg :birthday)
+ (bd-utime :type clsql:universal-time :initarg :bd-utime)
+ (hobby :db-kind :virtual :initarg :hobby :initform nil)))
+
+(def-view-class employee (person)
+ ((emplid
+ :db-kind :key
+ :db-constraints :not-null
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :emplid)
+ (groupid
+ :db-kind :key
+ :db-constraints :not-null
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :groupid)
+ (first-name
+ :accessor first-name
+ :type (varchar 30)
+ :initarg :first-name)
+ (last-name
+ :accessor last-name
+ :type (varchar 30)
+ :initarg :last-name)
+ (email
+ :accessor employee-email
+ :type (varchar 100)
+ :initarg :email)
+ (ecompanyid
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :companyid)
+ (company
+ :accessor employee-company
+ :db-kind :join
+ :db-info (:join-class company
+ :home-key ecompanyid
+ :foreign-key companyid
+ :set nil))
+ (managerid
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :managerid)
+ (manager
+ :accessor employee-manager
+ :db-kind :join
+ :db-info (:join-class employee
+ :home-key managerid
+ :foreign-key emplid
+ :set nil))
+ (addresses
+ :accessor employee-addresses
+ :db-kind :join
+ :db-info (:join-class employee-address
+ :home-key emplid
+ :foreign-key aemplid
+ :target-slot address
+ :set t)))
+ (:base-table employee))
+
+(def-view-class company ()
+ ((companyid
+ :db-kind :key
+ :db-constraints :not-null
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :companyid)
+ (groupid
+ :db-kind :key
+ :db-constraints :not-null
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :groupid)
+ (name
+ :type (varchar 100)
+ :initarg :name)
+ (presidentid
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :presidentid)
+ (president
+ :reader president
+ :db-kind :join
+ :db-info (:join-class employee
+ :home-key presidentid
+ :foreign-key emplid
+ :set nil))
+ (employees
+ :reader company-employees
+ :db-kind :join
+ :db-info (:join-class employee
+ :home-key (companyid groupid)
+ :foreign-key (ecompanyid groupid)
+ :set t))))
+
+(def-view-class address ()
+ ((addressid
+ :db-kind :key
+ :db-constraints :not-null
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :addressid)
+ (street-number
+ :type integer
+ :initarg :street-number)
+ (street-name
+ :type (varchar 30)
+ :void-value ""
+ :initarg :street-name)
+ (city
+ :column "city_field"
+ :void-value "no city"
+ :type (varchar 30)
+ :initarg :city)
+ (postal-code
+ :column zip
+ :type integer
+ :void-value 0
+ :initarg :postal-code))
+ (:base-table addr))
+
+;; many employees can reside at many addressess
+(def-view-class employee-address ()
+ ((aemplid :type integer :initarg :emplid)
+ (aaddressid :type integer :initarg :addressid)
+ (verified :type boolean :initarg :verified)
+ (address :db-kind :join
+ :db-info (:join-class address
+ :home-key aaddressid
+ :foreign-key addressid
+ :retrieval :immediate)))
+ (:base-table "ea_join"))
+
+(def-view-class deferred-employee-address ()
+ ((aemplid :type integer :initarg :emplid)
+ (aaddressid :type integer :initarg :addressid)
+ (verified :type boolean :initarg :verified)
+ (address :db-kind :join
+ :db-info (:join-class address
+ :home-key aaddressid
+ :foreign-key addressid
+ :retrieval :deferred
+ :set nil)))
+ (:base-table "ea_join"))
</screen>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Exceptional Situations</title>
<para>
- None.
+ None.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
- <simplelist>
+ <simplelist>
<member><link linkend="create-view-from-class"><function>create-view-from-class</function></link></member>
<member><link linkend="standard-db-object"><parameter>standard-db-object</parameter></link></member>
<member><link linkend="drop-view-from-class"><function>drop-view-from-class</function></link></member>
- </simplelist>
+ </simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
and a column type <parameter>VARCHAR2(100)</parameter> in
&oracle;
</para>
+ <para>
+ The actual lisp type for a slot may be different than the
+ value specified by the <parameter>:type</parameter> attribute.
+ For example, a slot declared with "<parameter>:type (string
+ 30)</parameter>" actually sets the slots Lisp type as
+ <parameter>(or null string)</parameter>. This is to allow a
+ &nil; value or a string shorter than 30 characters to be
+ stored in the slot.
+ </para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
<synopsis>
- <function>(drop-view-from-class view-class-name &key (database *default-database*))</function> => <returnvalue><!-- result --></returnvalue></synopsis>
+ <function>drop-view-from-class</function> <replaceable>view-class-name</replaceable> &key <replaceable>database</replaceable> => <returnvalue><!-- result --></returnvalue></synopsis>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments and Values</title>
<variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>view-class-name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The name of the <glossterm linkend="gloss-view-class">View
+ Class</glossterm>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>view-class-name</parameter></term>
+ <term><parameter>database</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>
- The name of the view class.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ <glossterm linkend="gloss-database-object">database
+ object</glossterm>. This will default to the value of
+ <symbol>*default-database*</symbol>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
- <para>Removes a table defined by the View Class
- <parameter>VIEW-CLASS-NAME</parameter> from
- <parameter>DATABASE</parameter> which defaults to
- <parameter>*DEFAULT-DATABASE*</parameter>.
+ <para>Removes a table defined by the <glossterm
+ linkend="gloss-view-class">View Class</glossterm>
+ <parameter>view-class-name</parameter> from
+ <parameter>database</parameter> which defaults to
+ <parameter>*default-database*</parameter>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<screen>
- * (list-tables)
- ("FOO" "BAR")
- * (drop-view-from-class 'foo)
- * (list-tables)
- ("BAR")
+(list-tables)
+=> ("FOO" "BAR")
+(drop-view-from-class 'foo)
+=>
+(list-tables)
+=> ("BAR")
</screen>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
- <simplelist>
+ <simplelist>
<member><link linkend="create-view-from-class"><function>create-view-from-class</function></link></member>
<member><link linkend="def-view-class"><function>def-view-class</function></link></member>
- </simplelist>
+ </simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
<para>
- <!-- notes -->
+ None.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
<synopsis>
- <function>(list-classes &key (test #'identity) (root-class (find-class 'standard-db-object)) (database *default-database*))</function> => <returnvalue>classes</returnvalue></synopsis>
+ <function>list-classes</function> &key <replaceable>test</replaceable> <replaceable>root-class</replaceable> <replaceable>database</replaceable> => <returnvalue>classes</returnvalue></synopsis>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments and Values</title>
<variablelist>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>test</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>test</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
a function used to filter the search. By default, <parameter>identity</parameter> is used which
will return all classes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>root-class</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- specifies the root class to the search. By default, <parameter>standard-db-object</parameter> is used
- which is the root for all view classes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>database</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- The database to search for view classes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry>
- <term><parameter>classes</parameter></term>
- <listitem>
- <para>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>root-class</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ specifies the root class to the search. By default,
+ <parameter>standard-db-object</parameter> is used which
+ is the root for all view classes.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>database</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ The <glossterm
+ linkend="gloss-database-object">database</glossterm> to
+ search for view classes. This will default to the value
+ of <symbol>*default-database*</symbol>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>classes</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
List of view classes.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </varlistentry>
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>Returns a list of all the View Classes which have been
defined in the Lisp session and are connected to
- <parameter>DATABASE</parameter>, which defaults to
- <parameter>*DEFAULT-DATABASE*</parameter>, and which descended
- from the class ROOT-CLASS and which satisfy the function
- TEST. By default ROOT-CLASS is STANDARD-DB-OBJECT and
- <parameter>TEST</parameter> is IDENTITY.
+ <parameter>database</parameter> and which descended from the
+ class <parameter>root-class</parameter> and which satisfy the
+ function <parameter>test</parameter>.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<screen>
- * (list-classes)
- (#<clsql-sys::standard-db-class big> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee-address>
- #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class address> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class company>
- #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee>)
-
- * (list-classes :test #'(lambda (c) (> (length (symbol-name (class-name c))) 3)))
- (#<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee-address> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class address>
- #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class company> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee>)
+(list-classes)
+=> (#<clsql-sys::standard-db-class big> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee-address>
+ #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class address> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class company>
+ #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee>)
+
+(list-classes :test #'(lambda (c) (> (length (symbol-name (class-name c))) 3)))
+=> (#<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee-address> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class address>
+ #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class company> #<clsql-sys::standard-db-class employee>)
</screen>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Affected by</title>
<para>
- <simplelist>
- Which view classes have been defined in the Lisp session.
- </simplelist>
+ <simplelist>
+ <member>Which view classes have been defined in the Lisp
+ session.</member>
+ </simplelist>
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
- <simplelist>
+ <simplelist>
<member><link linkend="def-view-class"><function>def-view-class</function></link></member>
</simplelist>
</para>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
<para>
- <!-- notes -->
+ None.
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
-
-
-</reference>
+</reference>