<!-- -*- DocBook -*- -->
- <chapter>
- <title>Programming Reference</title>
+<reference>
+ <title>Declarations</title>
+ <partintro>
<sect1>
- <title>Design Overview</title>
- <para>
- &uffi; was designed as a cross-implementation compatible
- <emphasis>Foreign Function Interface</emphasis>. Necessarily,
- only a common subset of functionality can be
- provided. Likewise, not every optimization for that a specific
- implementation provides can be supported. Wherever possible,
- though, implementation-specific optimizations are invoked.
- </para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1>
- <title>Declarations</title>
- <sect2>
- <title>Overview</title>
- <para>Declarations are used to give the compiler optimizing
+ <title>Overview</title>
+ <para>Declarations are used to give the compiler optimizing
information about foreign types. Currently, only &cmucl;
supports declarations. On &acl; and &lw;, these expressions
declare the type generically as &t;
- </para>
- </sect2>
+ </para>
+ </sect1>
+ </partintro>
- <sect2 id="uffi-declare">
- <title>uffi-declare</title>
- <para>
- This is used wherever a <function>declare</function>
- expression can be placed. For example:
- </para>
- <para>
- <programlisting>
-(let ((my-structure (uffi:allocate-foreign-object 'a-struct)))
- (uffi:uffi-declare a-struct my-structure))
- </programlisting>
+ <refentry id="def-type">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>def-type</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Defines a Common Lisp type.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>def-type</function> <replaceable>name type</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A symbol naming the type</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A form that is evaluated that specifies the &uffi; type.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>Defines a Common Lisp type based on a &uffi; type.
</para>
- </sect2>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-type char-ptr '(* :char))
+...
+(defun foo (ptr)
+ (declare (type char-ptr ptr))
+ ...
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>Defines a new &cl; type.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+ </reference>
- <sect2 id="slot-type">
- <title>slot-type</title>
- <para>
- This is used inside of <function>defclass</function> and
- <function>defstruct</function> expressions to set the type
- for a field. Because the type identifier is not evaluated in
- &cl;, the expression must be backquoted for effect. For
- example:
- </para>
- <para>
- <programlisting>
-(eval
- `(defclass a-class ()
- ((char-ptr :type ,(uffi:slot-type (* :char))))))
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Immediate Types</title>
- <sect2>
- <title>Overview</title>
+ <reference>
+ <title>Primitive Types</title>
+ <partintro>
+ <title>Overview</title>
<para>
- Immediate types have a single value, these include
+ Primitive types have a single value, these include
characters, numbers, and pointers. They are all symbols in
the keyword package.
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:char</constant> - Signed 8-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:char</constant> - Signed 8-bits. A
+dereferenced :char pointer returns an character.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><constant>:unsigned-char</constant> - Unsigned 8-bits. A dereferenced :unsigned-char
+pointer returns an character.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:unsigned-char</constant> - Unsigned 8-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:byte</constant> - Unsigned 8-bits. A
+dereferenced :byte pointer returns an integer.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:short</constant> - Signed 16-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:short</constant> - Signed 16-bits.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:unsigned-short</constant> - Unsigned 16-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:unsigned-short</constant> - Unsigned 16-bits.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:int</constant> - Signed 32-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:int</constant> - Signed 32-bits.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:unsigned-int</constant> - Unsigned 32-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:unsigned-int</constant> - Unsigned 32-bits.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:long</constant> - Signed 32-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:long</constant> - Signed 32-bits.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:unsigned-long</constant> - Unsigned 32-bits</para>
+ <para><constant>:unsigned-long</constant> - Unsigned 32-bits.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:float</constant> - 32-bit floating point</para>
+ <para><constant>:float</constant> - 32-bit floating point.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
- <para><constant>:double</constant> - 64-bit floating point</para>
+ <para><constant>:double</constant> - 64-bit floating point.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>:cstring</constant> -
-A null-terminated string used for passing and returning with a function.
+A &null; terminated string used for passing and returning characters strings with a &c; function.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>:void</constant> -
-The absence of a value. Used in generic pointers and in return types from functions.</para>
+The absence of a value. Used to indicate that a function does not return a value.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para><constant>:pointer-void</constant> -
+Points to a generic object.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><constant>*</constant> - Used to declare a pointer to an object</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>def-constant</title>
+ </partintro>
+
+ <refentry id="def-constant">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>def-constant</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Binds a symbol to a constant.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>def-constant</function> <replaceable>name value &key export</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A symbol that will be bound to the value.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>value</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>An evaluated form that is bound the the name.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>export</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>When &t;, the name is exported from the current package. The default is &nil;</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
This is a thin wrapper around
<function>defconstant</function>. It evaluates at
- compile-time and exports the symbol from the package.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>def-type</title>
- <para>
- This is the main function for creating new types.
- </para>
- <sect3>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <para>
- <programlisting>
-(def-type my-generic-pointer (* :void))
-(def-type a-double-float :double-float)
-(def-type char-ptr (* :char))
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>null-char-p</title>
- <para>
- A predicate testing if a pointer object is &null;
+ compile-time and optionally exports the symbol from the package.
</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-constant pi2 (* 2 pi))
+(def-constant exported-pi2 (* 2 pi) :export t)
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>Creates a new special variable..</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
- <sect1>
- <title>Aggregate Types</title>
- <sect2>
- <title>def-enum</title>
- <para>
- Declares a &c; enumeration. It generates constants for the
- elements of the enumeration.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>def-struct</title>
- <para>
- Declares a structure. A special type is available as a slot in the field. It is
- a pointer that points to an instance of the parent structure. It's type is
- <constant>:pointer-self</constant>.
- </para>
- <sect3>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <para>
- <programlisting>
-(def-struct foo (a :unsigned-int) (b :array 10) (next :pointer-self))
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="get-slot-value">
- <title>get-slot-value</title>
- <para>
- Accesses a slot value from a structure.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>get-slot-pointer</title>
- <para>
- This is similar to <function>get-slot-value</function>. It
- is used when the value of a slot is a pointer type.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>def-array</title>
- <para>
- Defines an array.
+ <refentry id="def-foreign-type">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>def-foreign-type</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Defines a new foreign type.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+<synopsis>
+ <function>def-foreign-type</function> <replaceable>name type</replaceable>
+</synopsis>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A symbol naming the new foreign type.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>value</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A form that is not evaluated that defines the new
+foreign type.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>Defines a new foreign type.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>deref-array</title>
- <para>
- Accesses an element of an array.
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-foreign-type my-generic-pointer :pointer-void)
+(def-foreign-type a-double-float :double-float)
+(def-foreign-type char-ptr (* :char))
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>Defines a new foreign type.
</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
- <sect1>
- <title>Objects</title>
- <sect2>
- <title>Overview</title>
- <para>
- Objects are entities that can allocated and freed.
- </para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>allocate-foreign-object</title>
+ <refentry id="null-char-p">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>null-char-p</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Tests a character for &null; value.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+<synopsis>
+ <function>null-char-p</function> <replaceable>char</replaceable> => <returnvalue>is-null</returnvalue>
+</synopsis>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>char</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A character or integer.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>is-null</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A boolean flag indicating if char is a &null; value.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
- Allocates an instance of a foreign object. It returns a pointer to the object.
+ A predicate testing if a character or integer is &null;. This
+abstracts the difference in implementations where some return a
+<computeroutput>character</computeroutput> and some return a
+<computeroutput>integer</computeroutput> whence dereferencing a
+<computeroutput>C</computeroutput> character pointer.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>free-foreign-object</title>
- <para>
- Frees the memory used by a foreign object.
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-array-pointer ca :unsigned-char)
+(let ((fs (convert-to-foreign-string "ab")))
+ (values (null-char-p (deref-array fs 'ca 0))
+ (null-char-p (deref-array fs 'ca 2))))
+=> &nil;
+ &t;
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>pointer-address</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference>
+ <title>Aggregate Types</title>
+ <partintro>
+ <title>Overview</title>
+ <para>
+ Aggregate types are comprised of one or more primitive types.
+ </para>
+ </partintro>
+
+ <refentry id="def-enum">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>def-enum</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Defines a &c; enumeration.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>def-enum</function> <replaceable>name fields &key separator-string</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A symbol that names the enumeration.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>fields</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A list of field defintions. Each definition can be
+a symbol or a list of two elements. Symbols get assigned a value of the
+current counter which starts at <computeroutput>0</computeroutput> and
+increments by <computeroutput>1</computeroutput> for each subsequent symbol. It the field definition is a list, the first position is the symbol and the second
+position is the value to assign the the symbol. The current counter gets set
+to <computeroutput>1+</computeroutput> this value.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>separator-string</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A string that governs the creation of constants. The
+default is <computeroutput>"#"</computeroutput>.</para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
- Returns the address as an integer of a pointer.
+ Declares a &c; enumeration. It generates constants with integer values for the elements of the enumeration. The symbols for the these constant
+values are created by the <function>concatenation</function> of the
+enumeration name, separator-string, and field symbol. Also creates
+a foreign type with the name <parameter>name</parameter> of type
+<constant>:int</constant>.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>deref-pointer</title>
- <para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-enum abc (:a :b :c))
+;; Creates constants abc#a (1), abc#b (2), abc#c (3) and defines
+;; the foreign type "abc" to be :int
+
+(def-enum efoo (:e1 (:e2 10) :e3) :separator-string "-")
+;; Creates constants efoo-e1 (1), efoo-e2 (10), efoo-e3 (11) and defines
+;; the foreign type efoo to be :int
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>Creates a :int foreign type, defines constants.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="def-struct">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>def-struct</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Defines a &c; structure.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>def-struct</function> <replaceable>name &rest fields</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A symbol that names the structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>fields</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A variable number of field defintions. Each definition is a list consisting of a symbol naming the field followed by its foreign type.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Declares a structure. A special type is available as a slot
+in the field. It is a pointer that points to an instance of the parent
+structure. It's type is <constant>:pointer-self</constant>.
+
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-struct foo (a :unsigned-int)
+ (b (* :char))
+ (c (:array :int 10))
+ (next :pointer-self))
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>Creates a foreign type.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="get-slot-value">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>get-slot-value</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Retrieves a value from a slot of a structure.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>get-slot-value</function> <replaceable>obj type field</replaceable> => <returnvalue>value</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>obj</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A pointer to foreign structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A name of the foreign structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>field</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A name of the desired field in foreign structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>value</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The value of the field in the structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Accesses a slot value from a structure.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(get-slot-value foo-ptr 'foo-structure 'field-name)
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+ <refentry id="get-slot-pointer">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>get-slot-pointer</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Retrieves a pointer from a slot of a structure.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>get-slot-pointer</function> <replaceable>obj type field</replaceable> => <returnvalue>pointer</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>obj</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A pointer to foreign structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A name of the foreign structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>field</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A name of the desired field in foreign structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>pointer</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The value of the field in the structure.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ This is similar to <function>get-slot-value</function>. It
+ is used when the value of a slot is a pointer type.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(get-slot-pointer foo-ptr 'foo-structure 'my-char-ptr)
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="def-array-pointer">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>def-array-pointer</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Defines a pointer to a array of type.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>def-array-pointer</function> <replaceable>name type</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A name of the new foreign type.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The foreign type of the array elements.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Defines a type tat is a pointer to an array of type.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-array-pointer byte-array-pointer :unsigned-char)
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>Defines a new foreign type.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="deref-array">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>deref-array</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Deference an array.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>deref-array</function> <replaceable>array type positon</replaceable> => <returnvalue>value</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>array</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A foreign array.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The foreign type of the array.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>position</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>An integer specifying the position to retrieve from
+the array.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>value</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The value stored in the position of the array.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Dereferences (retrieves) the value of an array element.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-array ca :char)
+(let ((fs (convert-to-foreign-string "ab")))
+ (values (null-char-p (deref-array fs 'ca 0))
+ (null-char-p (deref-array fs 'ca 2))))
+=> &nil;
+ &t;
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+ <refentry id="def-union">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>def-union</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Defines a foreign union type.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>def-union</function> <replaceable>name &rest fields</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>name</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A name of the new union type.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>fields</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A list of fields of the union.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Defines a foreign union type.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-union test-union
+ (a-char :char)
+ (an-int :int))
+
+(let ((u (allocate-foreign-object 'test-union))
+ (setf (get-slot-value u 'test-union 'an-int) (+ 65 (* 66 256)))
+ (prog1
+ (ensure-char-character (get-slot-value u 'test-union 'a-char))
+ (free-foreign-object u)))
+=> #\A
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>Defines a new foreign type.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+</reference>
+
+<reference>
+ <title>Objects</title>
+<partintro>
+<title>Overview</title>
+ <para>
+ Objects are entities that can allocated, referred to by pointers, and
+can be freed.
+ </para>
+</partintro>
+
+
+ <refentry id="allocate-foreign-object">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>allocate-foreign-object</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Allocates an instance of a foreign object.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>allocate-foreign-object</function> <replaceable>type &optional size</replaceable> => <returnvalue>ptr</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The type of foreign object to allocate. This parameter is evaluated.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>size</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>An optional size parameter. If specified, allocates and returns an
+array of <parameter>type</parameter> that is <parameter>size</parameter> members long.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>ptr</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A pointer to the foreign object.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Allocates an instance of a foreign object. It returns a pointer to the object.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(def-struct ab (a :int) (b :double))
+(allocate-foreign-object 'ab)
+=> #<ptr>
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="free-foreign-object">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>free-foreign-object</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Frees memory that was allocated for a foreign boject.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>free-foreign-object</function> <replaceable>ptr</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>ptr</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A pointer to the allocated foreign object to free.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Frees the memory used by the allocation of a foreign object.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="with-foreign-object">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>with-foreign-object</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Wraps the allocation of a foreign object around a body of code.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>with-foreign-object</function> <replaceable>(var type) &body body</replaceable> => <returnvalue>form-return</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>var</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The variable name to bind.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The type of foreign object to allocate. This parameter is evaluated.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>form-return</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The result of evaluating the <parameter>body</parameter>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+This function wraps the allocation, binding, and destruction of a foreign object.
+On &cmucl; and
+&lw; platforms the object is stack allocated for efficiency. Benchmarks show that &acl; performs
+much better with static allocation.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(defun gethostname2 ()
+ "Returns the hostname"
+ (uffi:with-foreign-object (name '(:array :unsigned-char 256))
+ (if (zerop (c-gethostname (uffi:char-array-to-pointer name) 256))
+ (uffi:convert-from-foreign-string name)
+ (error "gethostname() failed."))))
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+ <refentry id="pointer-address">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>pointer-address</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Returns the address of a pointer.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>pointer-address</function> <replaceable>ptr</replaceable> => <returnvalue>address</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>ptr</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A pointer to a foreign object.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>address</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>An integer representing the pointer's address.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Returns the address as an integer of a pointer.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="deref-pointer">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>deref-pointer</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Deferences a pointer.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>deref-pointer</function> <replaceable>ptr type</replaceable> => <returnvalue>value</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>ptr</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A pointer to a foreign object.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A foreign type of the object being pointed to.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>value</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The value of the object where the pointer points.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
Returns the object to which a pointer points.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>make-null-pointer</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <para>
+<programlisting>
+(let ((intp (allocate-foreign-object :int)))
+ (setf (deref-pointer intp :int) 10)
+ (prog1
+ (deref-pointer intp :int)
+ (free-foreign-object intp)))
+=> 10
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+ <refentry id="ensure-char-character">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>ensure-char-character</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Ensures that a dereferenced <constant>:char</constant> pointer is
+a character.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>ensure-char-character</function> <replaceable>object</replaceable> => <returnvalue>char</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>object</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Either a character or a integer specifying a character code.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>char</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A character.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Ensures that an object obtained by dereferencing a
+<constant>:char</constant> pointer is a character.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <para>
+<programlisting>
+(let ((fs (convert-to-foreign-string "a")))
+ (prog1
+ (ensure-char-character (deref-pointer fs :char))
+ (free-foreign-object fs)))
+=> #\a
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>Depending upon the implementation and what &uffi; expects, this
+macro may signal an error if the object is not a character or
+integer.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+ <refentry id="ensure-char-integer">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>ensure-char-integer</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Ensures that a dereferenced <constant>:char</constant> pointer is
+an integer.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>ensure-char-integer</function> <replaceable>object</replaceable> => <returnvalue>int</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>object</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>Either a character or a integer specifying a character code.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>int</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>An integer.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>
+ Ensures that an object obtained by dereferencing a
+<constant>:char</constant> pointer is an integer.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <para>
+<programlisting>
+(let ((fs (convert-to-foreign-string "a")))
+ (prog1
+ (ensure-char-integer (deref-pointer fs :char))
+ (free-foreign-object fs)))
+=> 96
+</programlisting>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>Depending upon the implementation and what &uffi; expects, this
+macro may signal an error if the object is not a character or
+integer.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+ <refentry id="make-null-pointer">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>make-null-pointer</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Create a &null; pointer.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>make-null-pointer</function> <replaceable>type</replaceable> => <returnvalue>ptr</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>type</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A type of object to which the pointer refers.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>ptr</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The &null; pointer of type <parameter>type</parameter>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
Creates a &null; pointer of a specified type.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>null-pointer-p</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="null-pointer-p">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>null-pointer-p</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Tests a pointer for &null; value.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>null-pointer-p</function> <replaceable>ptr</replaceable> => <returnvalue>is-null</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>ptr</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A foreign object pointer.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>is-null</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The boolean flag.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
A predicate testing if a pointer is has a &null; value.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>+null-cstring-pointer+</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="null-cstring-pointer">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>+null-cstring-pointer+</refname>
+ <refpurpose>A constant &null; cstring pointer.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Constant</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
- A constant &null; character pointer.
+ A &null; cstring pointer. This can be used for testing
+if a cstring returned by a function is &null;.
</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
- <sect1>
+</reference>
+
+ <reference>
<title>Strings</title>
- <sect2>
- <title>Overview</title>
+<partintro>
+<title>Overview</title>
+<para>
&uffi; has functions to two types of <varname>C</varname>-compatible
strings, <emphasis>cstring</emphasis> and <emphasis>foreign</emphasis> strings.
cstrings are used as parameters to and from functions. An implementation, such as CMUCL,
possible to "allocate" a cstring. In contrast, foreign strings
always need to have memory for them.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>convert-from-cstring</title>
+</partintro>
+
+ <refentry id="convert-from-cstring">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>convert-from-cstring</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Converts a cstring to a Lisp string.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>convert-from-cstring</function> <replaceable>cstring</replaceable> => <returnvalue>string</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>cstring</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A cstring.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>string</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A Lisp string.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
- Converts a Lisp string to a <varname>cstring</varname>.
+ Converts a Lisp string to a <constant>cstring</constant>. This is
+most often used when processing the results of a foreign function
+that returns a cstring.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>convert-to-cstring</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="convert-to-cstring">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>convert-to-cstring</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Converts a Lisp string to a cstring.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>convert-to-cstring</function> <replaceable>string</replaceable> => <returnvalue>cstring</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>string</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A Lisp string.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>cstring</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A cstring.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
Converts a Lisp string to a
<varname>cstring</varname>. The
<varname>cstring</varname> should be freed with
<function>free-cstring</function>.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>free-cstring</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="free-cstring">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>free-cstring</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Free memory used by cstring.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>free-cstring</function> <replaceable>cstring</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>cstring</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A cstring.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
Frees any memory possibly allocated by
<function>convert-to-cstring</function>.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>with-cstring</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="with-cstring">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>with-cstring</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Binds a newly created cstring.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>with-cstring</function> <replaceable>(cstring string) {body}</replaceable>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>cstring</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A symbol naming the cstring to be created.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>string</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A Lisp string that will be translated to a cstring.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>body</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The body of where the cstring will be bound.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
Binds a lexical variable to a newly allocated <varname>cstring</varname>. Automatically frees <varname>cstring</varname>.
</para>
- <sect3>
- <title>Examples</title>
- <para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <para>
<programlisting>
(def-function ("getenv" c-getenv)
((name :cstring))
(check-type key string)
(with-cstring (key-cstring key)
(convert-from-cstring (c-getenv key-cstring))))
- </programlisting>
- </para>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>convert-from-foreign-string</title>
+ </programlisting>
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="convert-from-foreign-string">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>convert-from-foreign-string</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Converts a foreign string into a Lisp string.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>convert-from-foreign-string</function> <replaceable>foreign-string &key length null-terminated-p</replaceable> => <returnvalue>string</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>foreign-string</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A foreign string.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>length</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The length of the foreign string to
+convert. The default is the length of the string until a &null;
+character is reached.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>null-terminated-p</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A boolean flag with a default value of &t; When true,
+the string is converted until the first &null; character is reached.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>string</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A Lisp string.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
- Returns a Lisp string from a foreign string. Has parameters
- to handle ASCII versus binary strings.
+ Returns a Lisp string from a foreign string.
+Can translated ASCII and binary strings.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>convert-to-foreign-string</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+ <refentry id="convert-to-foreign-string">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>convert-to-foreign-string</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Converts a Lisp string to a foreign string.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>convert-to-foreign-string</function> <replaceable>string</replaceable> => <returnvalue>foreign-string</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>string</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A Lisp string.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>foreign-string</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A foreign string.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
Converts a Lisp string to a foreign string. Memory should be
freed with <function>free-foreign-object</function>.
</para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2>
- <title>allocate-foreign-string</title>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+
+
+ <refentry id="allocate-foreign-string">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>allocate-foreign-string</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Allocates space for a foreign string.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Macro</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+ <synopsis>
+ <function>allocate-foreign-string</function> <replaceable>size &key unsigned</replaceable> => <returnvalue>foreign-string</returnvalue>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>size</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>The size of the space to be allocated in bytes.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>unsigned</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A boolean flag with a default value of &t;. When true,
+marks the pointer as an <constant>:unsigned-char</constant>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>foreign-string</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A foreign string which has undefined contents.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
<para>
Allocates space for a foreign string. Memory should
be freed with <function>free-foreign-object</function>.
</para>
- </sect2>
- </sect1>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+ </reference>
+
+ <reference>
+ <title>Functions & Libraries</title>
- <sect1>
- <title>Functions</title>
<refentry id="def-function">
<refnamediv>
<refname>def-function</refname>
</refpurpose>
<refclass>Macro</refclass>
</refnamediv>
- <refsect1>
+ <refsynopsisdiv>
<title>Syntax</title>
-<synopsis>
+ <synopsis>
<function>def-function</function> <replaceable>name args &key module returning</replaceable>
-</synopsis>
- </refsect1>
+ </synopsis>
+ </refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Arguments and Values</title>
<variablelist>
<varlistentry>
<term><parameter>args</parameter></term>
<listitem>
- <para>A list of argument declarations. Use &nil; to specify no arguments.
+ <para>A list of argument declarations. If &nil;, indicates that the function does not take any arguments.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<term><returnvalue>returning</returnvalue></term>
<listitem>
<para>A declaration specifying the result type of the
-foreign function.
+foreign function. If <constant>:void</constant> indicates module does not return any value.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<title>Examples</title>
<programlisting>
(def-function "gethostname"
- ((name :cstring)
+ ((name (* :unsigned-char))
(len :int))
:returning :int)
</programlisting>
<para>None.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
- </sect1>
- <sect1>
- <title>Libraries</title>
<refentry id="load-foreign-library">
<refnamediv>
<refname>load-foreign-library</refname>
<refsect1>
<title>Syntax</title>
<synopsis>
- <function>load-foreign-library</function> <replaceable>filename module supporting-libraries</replaceable> => <returnvalue>success</returnvalue>
+ <function>load-foreign-library</function> <replaceable>filename &key module supporting-libraries</replaceable> => <returnvalue>success</returnvalue>
</synopsis>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<term><parameter>filename</parameter></term>
<listitem>
<para>A string or pathname specifying the library location
-in the filesystem.
+in the filesystem. At least one implementation (&lw;) can not
+accept a logical pathname.
</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<refsect1>
<title>Examples</title>
<programlisting>
- (load-foreign-library #p"/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so" "mysql" '("c"))
+ (load-foreign-library #p"/usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so"
+ :module "mysql"
+ :supporting-libraries '("c"))
=> T
</programlisting>
</refsect1>
<para>None.</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
- </sect1>
- </chapter>
+
+ <refentry id="find-foreign-library">
+ <refnamediv>
+ <refname>find-foreign-library</refname>
+ <refpurpose>Finds a foreign library file.
+ </refpurpose>
+ <refclass>Function</refclass>
+ </refnamediv>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Syntax</title>
+<synopsis>
+ <function>find-foreign-library</function> <replaceable>names directories & drive-letters types</replaceable> => <returnvalue>path</returnvalue>
+</synopsis>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Arguments and Values</title>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>names</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A string or list of strings containing the base name of the library file.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>directories</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A string or list of strings containing the directory the library file.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>drive-letters</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A string or list of strings containing the drive letters for the library file.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><parameter>types</parameter></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A string or list of strings containing the file type of the library file. Default
+is &nil;. If &nil;, will use a default type based on the currently running implementation.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry>
+ <term><returnvalue>path</returnvalue></term>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>A path containing the path found, or &nil; if the library file was not found.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Description</title>
+ <para>Finds a foreign library by searching through a number of possible locations. Returns
+the path of the first found file.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Examples</title>
+ <programlisting>
+(find-foreign-library '("libmysqlclient" "libmysql")
+ '("/opt/mysql/lib/mysql/" "/usr/local/lib/" "/usr/lib/" "/mysql/lib/opt/")
+ :types '("so" "dll")
+ :drive-letters '("C" "D" "E"))
+=> #P"D:\\mysql\\lib\\opt\\libmysql.dll"
+ </programlisting>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Side Effects</title>
+ <para>None.
+ </para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Affected by</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ <refsect1>
+ <title>Exceptional Situations</title>
+ <para>None.</para>
+ </refsect1>
+ </refentry>
+
+</reference>
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