db-odbc/odbc-api.lisp

   1 ;;;; -*- Mode: LISP; Syntax: ANSI-Common-Lisp; Package: odbc -*-
   2 ;;;; *************************************************************************
   3 ;;;; FILE IDENTIFICATION
   4 ;;;;
   5 ;;;; Name:     odbc-api.lisp
   6 ;;;; Purpose:  Low-level ODBC API using UFFI
   7 ;;;; Authors:  Kevin M. Rosenberg and Paul Meurer
   8 ;;;;
   9 ;;;; $Id: odbc-package.lisp 7061 2003-09-07 06:34:45Z kevin $
  10 ;;;;
  11 ;;;; This file, part of CLSQL, is Copyright (c) 2004 by Kevin M. Rosenberg
  12 ;;;; and Copyright (C) Paul Meurer 1999 - 2001. All rights reserved.
  13 ;;;;
  14 ;;;; CLSQL users are granted the rights to distribute and use this software
  15 ;;;; as governed by the terms of the Lisp Lesser GNU Public License
  16 ;;;; (http://opensource.franz.com/preamble.html), also known as the LLGPL.
  17 ;;;; *************************************************************************
  18
  19 (in-package #:odbc)
  20
  21 (defvar *null* nil
  22   "Lisp representation of SQL Null value, default = nil.
  23 May be locally bound to something else if a certain type is necessary.")
  24
  25
  26 (defvar *binary-format* :unsigned-byte-vector)
  27 (defvar *time-conversion-function*
  28     (lambda (universal-time &optional fraction)
  29       (declare (ignore fraction))
  30       (clsql-base:format-time
  31        nil (clsql-base:utime->time universal-time)
  32        :format :iso)
  33       #+ignore
  34       universal-time)
  35    "Bound to a function that converts from a Lisp universal time fixnum (and a fractional
  36 as possible second argument) to the desired representation of date/time/timestamp. By default, returns an iso-timestring.")
  37
  38 (defvar +null-ptr+ (make-null-pointer :byte))
  39 (defparameter +null-handle-ptr+ (make-null-pointer :void))
  40 (defvar *info-output* nil
  41   "Stream to send SUCCESS_WITH_INFO messages.")
  42
  43 (defmacro %put-str (ptr string &optional max-length)
  44   (let ((size (gensym)))
  45     `(let ((,size (length ,string)))
  46        (when (and ,max-length (> ,size ,max-length))
  47          (error "string \"~a\" of length ~d is longer than max-length: ~d"
  48                 ,string ,size ,max-length))
  49       (with-cast-pointer (char-ptr ,ptr :byte)
  50         (dotimes (i ,size)
  51           (setf (deref-array char-ptr '(:array :byte) i)
  52                 (char-code (char ,string i))))
  53         (setf (deref-array char-ptr '(:array :byte) ,size) 0)))))
  54
  55 (defun %cstring-into-vector (ptr vector offset size-in-bytes)
  56   (dotimes (i size-in-bytes)
  57     (setf (schar vector offset)
  58       (ensure-char-character
  59        (deref-array ptr '(:array :unsigned-char) i)))
  60     (incf offset))
  61   offset)
  62
  63 (defun handle-error (henv hdbc hstmt)
  64   (let ((sql-state (allocate-foreign-string 256))
  65         (error-message (allocate-foreign-string #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH)))
  66     (with-foreign-objects ((error-code #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
  67                            (msg-length :short))
  68       (SQLError henv hdbc hstmt sql-state
  69                 error-code error-message
  70                 #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH msg-length)
  71       (let ((err (convert-from-foreign-string error-message))
  72             (state (convert-from-foreign-string sql-state)))
  73         (free-foreign-object error-message)
  74         (free-foreign-object sql-state)
  75         (values
  76          err
  77          state
  78          (deref-pointer msg-length :short)
  79          (deref-pointer error-code #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))))
  80
  81 (defun sql-state (henv hdbc hstmt)
  82   (let ((sql-state (allocate-foreign-string 256))
  83         (error-message (allocate-foreign-string #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH)))
  84     (with-foreign-objects ((error-code #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
  85                            (msg-length :short))
  86       (SQLError henv hdbc hstmt sql-state error-code
  87                 error-message #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH msg-length)
  88       (let ((state (convert-from-foreign-string sql-state)))
  89         (free-foreign-object error-message)
  90         (free-foreign-object sql-state)
  91         state
  92         ;; test this: return a keyword for efficiency
  93         ;;(%cstring-to-keyword state)
  94         ))))
  95
  96 (defmacro with-error-handling ((&key henv hdbc hstmt (print-info t))
  97                                    odbc-call &body body)
  98   (let ((result-code (gensym "RC-")))
  99     `(let ((,result-code ,odbc-call))
 100        (case ,result-code
 101          (#.$SQL_SUCCESS
 102           (progn ,result-code ,@body))
 103          (#.$SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO
 104           (when ,print-info
 105             (multiple-value-bind (error-message sql-state)
 106                 (handle-error (or ,henv +null-handle-ptr+)
 107                               (or ,hdbc +null-handle-ptr+)
 108                               (or ,hstmt +null-handle-ptr+))
 109               (when *info-output*
 110                 (format *info-output* "[ODBC info ~A] ~A state: ~A"
 111                         ,result-code error-message
 112                         sql-state))))
 113           (progn ,result-code ,@body))
 114          (#.$SQL_INVALID_HANDLE
 115           (error
 116            'clsql-base:clsql-odbc-error
 117            :odbc-message "Invalid handle"))
 118          (#.$SQL_STILL_EXECUTING
 119           (error
 120            'clsql-base:clsql-odbc-error
 121            :odbc-message "Still executing"))
 122          (#.$SQL_ERROR
 123           (multiple-value-bind (error-message sql-state)
 124               (handle-error (or ,henv +null-handle-ptr+)
 125                             (or ,hdbc +null-handle-ptr+)
 126                             (or ,hstmt +null-handle-ptr+))
 127             (error
 128              'clsql-base:clsql-odbc-error
 129              :odbc-message error-message
 130              :sql-state sql-state)))
 131          (#.$SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND
 132           (progn ,result-code ,@body))
 133          ;; work-around for Allegro 7.0beta AMD64 which
 134          ;; has for negative numbers
 135          (otherwise
 136           (multiple-value-bind (error-message sql-state)
 137               (handle-error (or ,henv +null-handle-ptr+)
 138                             (or ,hdbc +null-handle-ptr+)
 139                             (or ,hstmt +null-handle-ptr+))
 140             (error
 141              'clsql-base:clsql-odbc-error
 142              :odbc-message error-message
 143              :sql-state sql-state))
 144           #+ignore
 145           (progn ,result-code ,@body))))))
 146
 147 (defun %new-environment-handle ()
 148   (let ((henv
 149          (with-foreign-object (phenv 'sql-handle)
 150            (with-error-handling
 151                ()
 152              (SQLAllocEnv phenv)
 153              (deref-pointer phenv 'sql-handle)))))
 154     (%set-attr-odbc-version henv $SQL_OV_ODBC2)
 155     henv))
 156
 157
 158 (defun %sql-free-environment (henv)
 159   (with-error-handling
 160     (:henv henv)
 161     (SQLFreeEnv henv)))
 162
 163 (defun %new-db-connection-handle (henv)
 164   (with-foreign-object (phdbc 'sql-handle)
 165     (with-error-handling
 166       (:henv henv)
 167       (SQLAllocConnect henv phdbc)
 168       (deref-pointer phdbc 'sql-handle))))
 169
 170 (defun %free-statement (hstmt option)
 171   (with-error-handling
 172       (:hstmt hstmt)
 173       (SQLFreeStmt
 174        hstmt
 175        (ecase option
 176          (:drop $SQL_DROP)
 177          (:close $SQL_CLOSE)
 178          (:unbind $SQL_UNBIND)
 179          (:reset $SQL_RESET_PARAMS)))))
 180
 181 (defmacro with-statement-handle ((hstmt hdbc) &body body)
 182   `(let ((,hstmt (%new-statement-handle ,hdbc)))
 183      (unwind-protect
 184        (progn ,@body)
 185        (%free-statement ,hstmt :drop))))
 186
 187 ;; functional interface
 188
 189 (defun %sql-connect (hdbc server uid pwd)
 190   (with-cstrings ((server-ptr server)
 191                   (uid-ptr uid)
 192                   (pwd-ptr pwd))
 193     (with-error-handling
 194         (:hdbc hdbc)
 195       (SQLConnect hdbc server-ptr $SQL_NTS uid-ptr
 196                   $SQL_NTS pwd-ptr $SQL_NTS))))
 197
 198
 199 (defun %disconnect (hdbc)
 200   (with-error-handling
 201     (:hdbc hdbc)
 202     (SQLDisconnect hdbc)))
 203
 204 (defun %commit (henv hdbc)
 205   (with-error-handling
 206     (:henv henv :hdbc hdbc)
 207     (SQLTransact
 208      henv hdbc $SQL_COMMIT)))
 209
 210 (defun %rollback (henv hdbc)
 211   (with-error-handling
 212     (:henv henv :hdbc hdbc)
 213     (SQLTransact
 214      henv hdbc $SQL_ROLLBACK)))
 215
 216 ; col-nr is zero-based in Lisp
 217 ; col-nr = :bookmark retrieves a bookmark.
 218 (defun %bind-column (hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)
 219   (with-error-handling
 220     (:hstmt hstmt)
 221     (SQLBindCol hstmt
 222                 (if (eq column-nr :bookmark) 0 (1+ column-nr))
 223                 c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)))
 224
 225 ; parameter-nr is zero-based in Lisp
 226 (defun %sql-bind-parameter (hstmt parameter-nr parameter-type c-type
 227                                       sql-type precision scale data-ptr
 228                                       max-value out-len-ptr)
 229   (with-error-handling
 230     (:hstmt hstmt)
 231     (SQLBindParameter hstmt (1+ parameter-nr)
 232                       parameter-type ;$SQL_PARAM_INPUT
 233                       c-type ;$SQL_C_CHAR
 234                       sql-type ;$SQL_VARCHAR
 235                       precision ;(1- (length str))
 236                       scale ;0
 237                       data-ptr
 238                       max-value
 239                       out-len-ptr ;#.+null-ptr+
 240                       )))
 241
 242 (defun %sql-fetch (hstmt)
 243   (with-error-handling
 244       (:hstmt hstmt)
 245       (SQLFetch hstmt)))
 246
 247 (defun %new-statement-handle (hdbc)
 248   (let ((statement-handle
 249          (with-foreign-object (hstmt-ptr 'sql-handle)
 250            (with-error-handling
 251                (:hdbc hdbc)
 252              (SQLAllocStmt hdbc hstmt-ptr)
 253              (deref-pointer hstmt-ptr 'sql-handle)))))
 254     (if (uffi:null-pointer-p statement-handle)
 255         (error "Received null statement handle.")
 256         statement-handle)))
 257
 258 (defun %sql-get-info (hdbc info-type)
 259   (ecase info-type
 260     ;; those return string
 261     ((#.$SQL_ACCESSIBLE_PROCEDURES
 262       #.$SQL_ACCESSIBLE_TABLES
 263       #.$SQL_COLUMN_ALIAS
 264       #.$SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
 265       #.$SQL_DATA_SOURCE_READ_ONLY
 266       #.$SQL_DBMS_NAME
 267       #.$SQL_DBMS_VER
 268       #.$SQL_DRIVER_NAME
 269       #.$SQL_DRIVER_ODBC_VER
 270       #.$SQL_DRIVER_VER
 271       #.$SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
 272       #.$SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
 273       #.$SQL_KEYWORDS
 274       #.$SQL_LIKE_ESCAPE_CLAUSE
 275       #.$SQL_MAX_ROW_SIZE_INCLUDES_LONG
 276       #.$SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
 277       #.$SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
 278       #.$SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
 279       #.$SQL_ODBC_SQL_OPT_IEF
 280       #.$SQL_ODBC_VER
 281       #.$SQL_ORDER_BY_COLUMNS_IN_SELECT
 282       #.$SQL_OUTER_JOINS
 283       #.$SQL_OWNER_TERM
 284       #.$SQL_PROCEDURE_TERM
 285       #.$SQL_PROCEDURES
 286       #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
 287       #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_TERM
 288       #.$SQL_ROW_UPDATES
 289       #.$SQL_SEARCH_PATTERN_ESCAPE
 290       #.$SQL_SERVER_NAME
 291       #.$SQL_SPECIAL_CHARACTERS
 292       #.$SQL_TABLE_TERM
 293       #.$SQL_USER_NAME)
 294      (let ((info-ptr (allocate-foreign-string 1024)))
 295        (with-foreign-object (info-length-ptr :short)
 296          (with-error-handling
 297              (:hdbc hdbc)
 298              (SQLGetInfo hdbc info-type info-ptr 1023 info-length-ptr)
 299            (let ((info (convert-from-foreign-string info-ptr)))
 300              (free-foreign-object info-ptr)
 301              info)))))
 302     ;; those returning a word
 303     ((#.$SQL_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS
 304       #.$SQL_ACTIVE_STATEMENTS
 305       #.$SQL_CONCAT_NULL_BEHAVIOR
 306       #.$SQL_CORRELATION_NAME
 307       #.$SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
 308       #.$SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
 309       #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
 310       #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_GROUP_BY
 311       #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_INDEX
 312       #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_ORDER_BY
 313       #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_SELECT
 314       #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_TABLE
 315       #.$SQL_MAX_CURSOR_NAME_LEN
 316       #.$SQL_MAX_OWNER_NAME_LEN
 317       #.$SQL_MAX_PROCEDURE_NAME_LEN
 318       #.$SQL_MAX_QUALIFIER_NAME_LEN
 319       #.$SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
 320       #.$SQL_MAX_TABLES_IN_SELECT
 321       #.$SQL_MAX_USER_NAME_LEN
 322       #.$SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
 323       #.$SQL_NULL_COLLATION
 324       #.$SQL_ODBC_API_CONFORMANCE
 325       #.$SQL_ODBC_SAG_CLI_CONFORMANCE
 326       #.$SQL_ODBC_SQL_CONFORMANCE
 327       #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_LOCATION
 328       #.$SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
 329       #.$SQL_TXN_CAPABLE)
 330      (with-foreign-objects ((info-ptr :short)
 331                             (info-length-ptr :short))
 332        (with-error-handling
 333         (:hdbc hdbc)
 334          (SQLGetInfo hdbc
 335                      info-type
 336                      info-ptr
 337                      255
 338                      info-length-ptr)
 339          (deref-pointer info-ptr :short)))
 340      )
 341     ;; those returning a long bitmask
 342     ((#.$SQL_ALTER_TABLE
 343       #.$SQL_BOOKMARK_PERSISTENCE
 344       #.$SQL_CONVERT_BIGINT
 345       #.$SQL_CONVERT_BINARY
 346       #.$SQL_CONVERT_BIT
 347       #.$SQL_CONVERT_CHAR
 348       #.$SQL_CONVERT_DATE
 349       #.$SQL_CONVERT_DECIMAL
 350       #.$SQL_CONVERT_DOUBLE
 351       #.$SQL_CONVERT_FLOAT
 352       #.$SQL_CONVERT_INTEGER
 353       #.$SQL_CONVERT_LONGVARCHAR
 354       #.$SQL_CONVERT_NUMERIC
 355       #.$SQL_CONVERT_REAL
 356       #.$SQL_CONVERT_SMALLINT
 357       #.$SQL_CONVERT_TIME
 358       #.$SQL_CONVERT_TIMESTAMP
 359       #.$SQL_CONVERT_TINYINT
 360       #.$SQL_CONVERT_VARBINARY
 361       #.$SQL_CONVERT_VARCHAR
 362       #.$SQL_CONVERT_LONGVARBINARY
 363       #.$SQL_CONVERT_FUNCTIONS
 364       #.$SQL_FETCH_DIRECTION
 365       #.$SQL_FILE_USAGE
 366       #.$SQL_GETDATA_EXTENSIONS
 367       #.$SQL_LOCK_TYPES
 368       #.$SQL_MAX_INDEX_SIZE
 369       #.$SQL_MAX_ROW_SIZE
 370       #.$SQL_MAX_STATEMENT_LEN
 371       #.$SQL_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONS
 372       #.$SQL_OWNER_USAGE
 373       #.$SQL_POS_OPERATIONS
 374       #.$SQL_POSITIONED_STATEMENTS
 375       #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_USAGE
 376       #.$SQL_SCROLL_CONCURRENCY
 377       #.$SQL_SCROLL_OPTIONS
 378       #.$SQL_STATIC_SENSITIVITY
 379       #.$SQL_STRING_FUNCTIONS
 380       #.$SQL_SUBQUERIES
 381       #.$SQL_SYSTEM_FUNCTIONS
 382       #.$SQL_TIMEDATE_ADD_INTERVALS
 383       #.$SQL_TIMEDATE_DIFF_INTERVALS
 384       #.$SQL_TIMEDATE_FUNCTIONS
 385       #.$SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
 386       #.$SQL_UNION)
 387      (with-foreign-objects ((info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
 388                             (info-length-ptr :short))
 389        (with-error-handling
 390          (:hdbc hdbc)
 391          (SQLGetInfo hdbc
 392                      info-type
 393                      info-ptr
 394                      255
 395                      info-length-ptr)
 396          (deref-pointer info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))
 397      )
 398     ;; those returning a long integer
 399     ((#.$SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
 400       #.$SQL_DRIVER_HDBC
 401       #.$SQL_DRIVER_HENV
 402       #.$SQL_DRIVER_HLIB
 403       #.$SQL_DRIVER_HSTMT
 404       #.$SQL_GROUP_BY
 405       #.$SQL_IDENTIFIER_CASE
 406       #.$SQL_MAX_BINARY_LITERAL_LEN
 407       #.$SQL_MAX_CHAR_LITERAL_LEN
 408       #.$SQL_ACTIVE_ENVIRONMENTS
 409       )
 410      (with-foreign-objects ((info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
 411                             (info-length-ptr :short))
 412        (with-error-handling
 413          (:hdbc hdbc)
 414          (SQLGetInfo hdbc info-type info-ptr 255 info-length-ptr)
 415          (deref-pointer info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))))
 416
 417 (defun %sql-exec-direct (sql hstmt henv hdbc)
 418   (with-cstring (sql-ptr sql)
 419     (with-error-handling
 420       (:hstmt hstmt :henv henv :hdbc hdbc)
 421       (SQLExecDirect hstmt sql-ptr $SQL_NTS))))
 422
 423 (defun %sql-cancel (hstmt)
 424   (with-error-handling
 425     (:hstmt hstmt)
 426     (SQLCancel hstmt)))
 427
 428 (defun %sql-execute (hstmt)
 429   (with-error-handling
 430     (:hstmt hstmt)
 431     (SQLExecute hstmt)))
 432
 433 (defun result-columns-count (hstmt)
 434   (with-foreign-objects ((columns-nr-ptr :short))
 435     (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
 436                          (SQLNumResultCols hstmt columns-nr-ptr)
 437       (deref-pointer columns-nr-ptr :short))))
 438
 439 (defun result-rows-count (hstmt)
 440   (with-foreign-objects ((row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
 441     (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
 442                          (SQLRowCount hstmt row-count-ptr)
 443       (deref-pointer row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))
 444
 445 ;; column counting is 1-based
 446 (defun %describe-column (hstmt column-nr)
 447   (let ((column-name-ptr (allocate-foreign-string 256)))
 448     (with-foreign-objects ((column-name-length-ptr :short)
 449                            (column-sql-type-ptr :short)
 450                            (column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
 451                            (column-scale-ptr :short)
 452                            (column-nullable-p-ptr :short))
 453       (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
 454           (SQLDescribeCol hstmt column-nr column-name-ptr 256
 455                           column-name-length-ptr
 456                           column-sql-type-ptr
 457                           column-precision-ptr
 458                           column-scale-ptr
 459                           column-nullable-p-ptr)
 460         (let ((column-name (convert-from-foreign-string column-name-ptr)))
 461           (free-foreign-object column-name-ptr)
 462           (values
 463            column-name
 464            (deref-pointer column-sql-type-ptr :short)
 465            (deref-pointer column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
 466            (deref-pointer column-scale-ptr :short)
 467            (deref-pointer column-nullable-p-ptr :short)))))))
 468
 469 ;; parameter counting is 1-based
 470 (defun %describe-parameter (hstmt parameter-nr)
 471   (with-foreign-objects ((column-sql-type-ptr :short)
 472                          (column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
 473                          (column-scale-ptr :short)
 474                          (column-nullable-p-ptr :short))
 475     (with-error-handling
 476       (:hstmt hstmt)
 477       (SQLDescribeParam hstmt parameter-nr
 478                         column-sql-type-ptr
 479                         column-precision-ptr
 480                         column-scale-ptr
 481                         column-nullable-p-ptr)
 482       (values
 483        (deref-pointer column-sql-type-ptr :short)
 484        (deref-pointer column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
 485        (deref-pointer column-scale-ptr :short)
 486        (deref-pointer column-nullable-p-ptr :short)))))
 487
 488 (defun %column-attributes (hstmt column-nr descriptor-type)
 489   (let ((descriptor-info-ptr (allocate-foreign-string 256)))
 490     (with-foreign-objects ((descriptor-length-ptr :short)
 491                            (numeric-descriptor-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
 492       (with-error-handling
 493           (:hstmt hstmt)
 494           (SQLColAttributes hstmt column-nr descriptor-type descriptor-info-ptr
 495                             256 descriptor-length-ptr
 496                             numeric-descriptor-ptr)
 497         (let ((desc (convert-from-foreign-string descriptor-info-ptr)))
 498           (free-foreign-object descriptor-info-ptr)
 499           (values
 500            desc
 501            (deref-pointer numeric-descriptor-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))))))
 502
 503 (defun %prepare-describe-columns (hstmt table-qualifier table-owner
 504                                    table-name column-name)
 505   (with-cstrings ((table-qualifier-ptr table-qualifier)
 506                   (table-owner-ptr table-owner)
 507                   (table-name-ptr table-name)
 508                   (column-name-ptr column-name))
 509     (with-error-handling
 510         (:hstmt hstmt)
 511       (SQLColumns hstmt
 512                   table-qualifier-ptr (length table-qualifier)
 513                   table-owner-ptr (length table-owner)
 514                   table-name-ptr (length table-name)
 515                   column-name-ptr (length column-name)))))
 516
 517 (defun %describe-columns (hdbc table-qualifier table-owner
 518                           table-name column-name)
 519   (with-statement-handle (hstmt hdbc)
 520     (%prepare-describe-columns hstmt table-qualifier table-owner
 521                                table-name column-name)
 522     (fetch-all-rows hstmt)))
 523
 524 (defun %sql-data-sources (henv &key (direction :first))
 525   (let ((name-ptr (allocate-foreign-string (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)))
 526         (description-ptr (allocate-foreign-string 1024)))
 527     (with-foreign-objects ((name-length-ptr :short)
 528                            (description-length-ptr :short))
 529       (let ((res (with-error-handling
 530                      (:henv henv)
 531                      (SQLDataSources henv
 532                                      (ecase direction
 533                                        (:first $SQL_FETCH_FIRST)
 534                                        (:next $SQL_FETCH_NEXT))
 535                                      name-ptr
 536                                      (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
 537                                      name-length-ptr
 538                                      description-ptr
 539                                      1024
 540                                      description-length-ptr))))
 541         (cond
 542           ((= res $SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
 543            (let ((name (convert-from-foreign-string name-ptr))
 544                  (desc (convert-from-foreign-string description-ptr)))
 545              (free-foreign-object name-ptr)
 546              (free-foreign-object description-ptr)
 547              (values
 548               name
 549               desc)))
 550           (t
 551            (free-foreign-object name-ptr)
 552            (free-foreign-object description-ptr)
 553            nil))))))
 554
 555
 556
 557 (defun sql-to-c-type (sql-type)
 558   (ecase sql-type
 559     ((#.$SQL_CHAR #.$SQL_VARCHAR #.$SQL_LONGVARCHAR
 560       #.$SQL_NUMERIC #.$SQL_DECIMAL #.$SQL_BIGINT -8 -9) $SQL_C_CHAR)
 561     (#.$SQL_INTEGER $SQL_C_SLONG)
 562     (#.$SQL_SMALLINT $SQL_C_SSHORT)
 563     (#.$SQL_DOUBLE $SQL_C_DOUBLE)
 564     (#.$SQL_FLOAT $SQL_C_DOUBLE)
 565     (#.$SQL_REAL $SQL_C_FLOAT)
 566     (#.$SQL_DATE $SQL_C_DATE)
 567     (#.$SQL_TIME $SQL_C_TIME)
 568     (#.$SQL_TIMESTAMP $SQL_C_TIMESTAMP)
 569     ((#.$SQL_BINARY #.$SQL_VARBINARY #.$SQL_LONGVARBINARY) $SQL_C_BINARY)
 570     (#.$SQL_TINYINT $SQL_C_STINYINT)
 571     (#.$SQL_BIT $SQL_C_BIT)))
 572
 573 (def-type byte-pointer-type '(* :byte))
 574 (def-type short-pointer-type '(* :short))
 575 (def-type int-pointer-type '(* :int))
 576 (def-type long-pointer-type '(* #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
 577 (def-type float-pointer-type '(* :float))
 578 (def-type double-pointer-type '(* :double))
 579 (def-type string-pointer-type '(* :unsigned-char))
 580
 581 (defun get-cast-byte (ptr)
 582   (locally (declare (type byte-pointer-type ptr))
 583     (deref-pointer ptr :byte)))
 584
 585 (defun get-cast-short (ptr)
 586   (locally (declare (type short-pointer-type ptr))
 587     (deref-pointer ptr :short)))
 588
 589 (defun get-cast-int (ptr)
 590   (locally (declare (type int-pointer-type ptr))
 591     (deref-pointer ptr :int)))
 592
 593 (defun get-cast-long (ptr)
 594   (locally (declare (type long-pointer-type ptr))
 595     (deref-pointer ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))
 596
 597 (defun get-cast-single-float (ptr)
 598   (locally (declare (type float-pointer-type ptr))
 599     (deref-pointer ptr :float)))
 600
 601 (defun get-cast-double-float (ptr)
 602   (locally (declare (type double-pointer-type ptr))
 603     (deref-pointer ptr :double)))
 604
 605 (defun get-cast-foreign-string (ptr)
 606   (locally (declare (type string-pointer-type ptr))
 607     (convert-from-foreign-string ptr)))
 608
 609 (defun get-cast-binary (ptr len format)
 610   "FORMAT is one of :unsigned-byte-vector, :bit-vector (:string, :hex-string)"
 611   (with-cast-pointer (casted ptr :byte)
 612     (ecase format
 613       (:unsigned-byte-vector
 614        (let ((vector (make-array len :element-type '(unsigned-byte 8))))
 615          (dotimes (i len)
 616            (setf (aref vector i)
 617                  (deref-array casted '(:array :byte) i)))
 618          vector))
 619       (:bit-vector
 620        (let ((vector (make-array (ash len 3) :element-type 'bit)))
 621          (dotimes (i len)
 622            (let ((byte (deref-array casted '(:array :byte) i)))
 623              (dotimes (j 8)
 624                (setf (bit vector (+ (ash i 3) j))
 625                      (logand (ash byte (- j 7)) 1)))))
 626          vector)))))
 627
 628
 629 (defun read-data (data-ptr c-type sql-type out-len-ptr result-type)
 630   (declare (type long-ptr-type out-len-ptr))
 631   (let* ((out-len (deref-pointer out-len-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
 632          (value
 633           (cond ((= out-len $SQL_NULL_DATA)
 634                  *null*)
 635                 (t
 636                  (case sql-type
 637                    ;; SQL extended datatypes
 638                    (#.$SQL_TINYINT  (get-cast-byte data-ptr))
 639                    (#.$SQL_C_STINYINT (get-cast-byte data-ptr)) ;; ?
 640                    (#.$SQL_C_SSHORT (get-cast-short data-ptr)) ;; ?
 641                    (#.$SQL_SMALLINT (get-cast-short data-ptr)) ;; ??
 642                    (#.$SQL_INTEGER (get-cast-int data-ptr))
 643                    (#.$SQL_BIGINT (read-from-string
 644                                    (get-cast-foreign-string data-ptr)))
 645                    (#.$SQL_TINYINT (get-cast-byte data-ptr))
 646                    (#.$SQL_DECIMAL
 647                     (let ((*read-base* 10))
 648                       (read-from-string (get-cast-foreign-string data-ptr))))
 649                    (t
 650                     (case c-type
 651                       (#.$SQL_C_DATE
 652                        (funcall *time-conversion-function* (date-to-universal-time data-ptr)))
 653                       (#.$SQL_C_TIME
 654                        (multiple-value-bind (universal-time frac) (time-to-universal-time data-ptr)
 655                          (funcall *time-conversion-function* universal-time frac)))
 656                       (#.$SQL_C_TIMESTAMP
 657                        (multiple-value-bind (universal-time frac) (timestamp-to-universal-time data-ptr)
 658                          (funcall *time-conversion-function* universal-time frac)))
 659                       (#.$SQL_INTEGER
 660                        (get-cast-int data-ptr))
 661                       (#.$SQL_C_FLOAT
 662                        (get-cast-single-float data-ptr))
 663                       (#.$SQL_C_DOUBLE
 664                        (get-cast-double-float data-ptr))
 665                       (#.$SQL_C_SLONG
 666                        (get-cast-long data-ptr))
 667                       #+lispworks
 668                       (#.$SQL_C_BIT     ; encountered only in Access
 669                        (get-cast-byte data-ptr))
 670                       (#.$SQL_C_BINARY
 671                        (get-cast-binary data-ptr out-len *binary-format*))
 672                       ((#.$SQL_C_SSHORT #.$SQL_C_STINYINT) ; LMH short ints
 673                        (get-cast-short data-ptr)) ; LMH
 674                       #+ignore
 675                       (#.$SQL_C_CHAR
 676                        (code-char (get-cast-short data-ptr)))
 677                       (t
 678                        (get-cast-foreign-string data-ptr)))))))))
 679
 680     ;; FIXME: this could be better optimized for types which use READ-FROM-STRING above
 681
 682     (if (and (or (eq result-type t) (eq result-type :string))
 683              value
 684              (not (stringp value)))
 685         (write-to-string value)
 686       value)))
 687
 688 ;; which value is appropriate?
 689 (defparameter +max-precision+  4001)
 690
 691 (defvar *break-on-unknown-data-type* t)
 692
 693 ;; C. Stacy's idea to factor this out
 694 ;; "Make it easy to add new datatypes by making new subroutine %ALLOCATE-BINDINGS,
 695 ;; so that I don't have to remember to make changes in more than one place.
 696 ;; Just keep it in synch with READ-DATA."
 697 (defun %allocate-bindings (sql-type precision)
 698   (let* ((c-type (sql-to-c-type sql-type))
 699          (size (if (zerop precision)
 700                    +max-precision+ ;; if the precision cannot be determined
 701                  (min precision +max-precision+)))
 702          (long-p (= size +max-precision+))
 703          (data-ptr
 704           (case c-type ;; add more?
 705             (#.$SQL_C_SLONG (uffi:allocate-foreign-object #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
 706             (#.$SQL_C_DATE (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-date))
 707             (#.$SQL_C_TIME (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-time))
 708             (#.$SQL_C_TIMESTAMP (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-timestamp))
 709             (#.$SQL_C_FLOAT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :float))
 710             (#.$SQL_C_DOUBLE (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :double))
 711             (#.$SQL_C_BIT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :byte))
 712             (#.$SQL_C_STINYINT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :byte))
 713             (#.$SQL_C_SSHORT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :short))
 714             (#.$SQL_C_CHAR (uffi:allocate-foreign-string (1+ size)))
 715             (#.$SQL_C_BINARY (uffi:allocate-foreign-string (1+ (* 2 size))))
 716             (t
 717                 ;; Maybe should signal a restartable condition for this?
 718                 (when *break-on-unknown-data-type*
 719                   (break "SQL type is ~A, precision ~D, size ~D, C type is ~A"
 720                          sql-type precision size c-type))
 721                 (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :byte (1+ size)))))
 722          (out-len-ptr (uffi:allocate-foreign-object #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))
 723     (values c-type data-ptr out-len-ptr size long-p)))
 724
 725 (defun fetch-all-rows (hstmt &key free-option flatp)
 726   (let ((column-count (result-columns-count hstmt)))
 727     (unless (zerop column-count)
 728       (let ((names (make-array column-count))
 729             (sql-types (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
 730             (c-types (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
 731             (precisions (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
 732             (data-ptrs (make-array column-count :initial-element nil))
 733             (out-len-ptrs (make-array column-count :initial-element nil))
 734             (scales (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
 735             (nullables-p (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum)))
 736         (unwind-protect
 737           (values
 738            (progn
 739              (dotimes (col-nr column-count)
 740                ;; get column information
 741                (multiple-value-bind (name sql-type precision scale nullable-p)
 742                                     (%describe-column hstmt (1+ col-nr))
 743                  ;; allocate space to bind result rows to
 744                  (multiple-value-bind (c-type data-ptr out-len-ptr)
 745                      (%allocate-bindings sql-type precision)
 746                    (%bind-column hstmt col-nr c-type data-ptr (1+ precision) out-len-ptr)
 747                    (setf (svref names col-nr) name
 748                          (aref sql-types col-nr) sql-type
 749                          (aref c-types col-nr) (sql-to-c-type sql-type)
 750                          (aref precisions col-nr) (if (zerop precision) 0 precision)
 751                          (aref scales col-nr) scale
 752                          (aref nullables-p col-nr) nullable-p
 753                          (aref data-ptrs col-nr) data-ptr
 754                          (aref out-len-ptrs col-nr) out-len-ptr))))
 755              ;; the main loop
 756              (prog1
 757                (cond (flatp
 758                       (when (> column-count 1)
 759                         (error "If more than one column is to be fetched, flatp has to be nil."))
 760                       (loop until (= (%sql-fetch hstmt) $SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
 761                             collect
 762                             (read-data (aref data-ptrs 0)
 763                                        (aref c-types 0)
 764                                        (aref sql-types 0)
 765                                        (aref out-len-ptrs 0)
 766                                        t)))
 767                      (t
 768                       (loop until (= (%sql-fetch hstmt) $SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
 769                             collect
 770                             (loop for col-nr from 0 to (1- column-count)
 771                                   collect
 772                                   (read-data (aref data-ptrs col-nr)
 773                                              (aref c-types col-nr)
 774                                              (aref sql-types col-nr)
 775                                              (aref out-len-ptrs col-nr)
 776                                              t)))))))
 777            names)
 778           ;; dispose of memory etc
 779           (when free-option (%free-statement hstmt free-option))
 780           (dotimes (col-nr column-count)
 781             (let ((data-ptr (aref data-ptrs col-nr))
 782                   (out-len-ptr (aref out-len-ptrs col-nr)))
 783               (when data-ptr (free-foreign-object data-ptr)) ; we *did* allocate them
 784               (when out-len-ptr (free-foreign-object out-len-ptr)))))))))
 785
 786 ;; to do: factor out common parts, put the sceleton (the obligatory macro part)
 787 ;; of %do-fetch into sql package (has been done)
 788
 789 (defun %sql-prepare (hstmt sql)
 790   (with-cstring (sql-ptr sql)
 791     (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
 792       (SQLPrepare hstmt sql-ptr $SQL_NTS))))
 793
 794 ;; depending on option, we return a long int or a string; string not implemented
 795 (defun get-connection-option (hdbc option)
 796   (with-foreign-object (param-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
 797     (with-error-handling (:hdbc hdbc)
 798                          (SQLGetConnectOption hdbc option param-ptr)
 799       (deref-pointer param-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))
 800
 801 (defun set-connection-option (hdbc option param)
 802   (with-error-handling (:hdbc hdbc)
 803     (SQLSetConnectOption hdbc option param)))
 804
 805 (defun disable-autocommit (hdbc)
 806   (set-connection-option hdbc $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF))
 807
 808 (defun enable-autocommit (hdbc)
 809   (set-connection-option hdbc $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_ON))
 810
 811 (defun %sql-set-pos (hstmt row option lock)
 812   (with-error-handling
 813     (:hstmt hstmt)
 814     (SQLSetPos hstmt row option lock)))
 815
 816 (defun %sql-extended-fetch (hstmt fetch-type row)
 817   (with-foreign-objects ((row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
 818                          (row-status-ptr :short))
 819     (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
 820       (SQLExtendedFetch hstmt fetch-type row row-count-ptr
 821                         row-status-ptr)
 822       (values (deref-pointer row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
 823               (deref-pointer row-status-ptr :short)))))
 824
 825 ; column-nr is zero-based
 826 (defun %sql-get-data (hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)
 827   (with-error-handling
 828     (:hstmt hstmt :print-info nil)
 829     (SQLGetData hstmt (if (eq column-nr :bookmark) 0 (1+ column-nr))
 830                 c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)))
 831
 832 (defun %sql-param-data (hstmt param-ptr)
 833   (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt :print-info t) ;; nil
 834       (SQLParamData hstmt param-ptr)))
 835
 836 (defun %sql-put-data (hstmt data-ptr size)
 837   (with-error-handling
 838     (:hstmt hstmt :print-info t) ;; nil
 839     (SQLPutData hstmt data-ptr size)))
 840
 841 (defconstant $sql-data-truncated (intern "01004" :keyword))
 842
 843 (defun read-data-in-chunks (hstmt column-nr data-ptr c-type sql-type
 844                                       out-len-ptr result-type)
 845   (declare (type long-ptr-type out-len-ptr))
 846   (let* ((res (%sql-get-data hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr
 847                              +max-precision+ out-len-ptr))
 848          (out-len (deref-pointer out-len-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
 849          (offset 0))
 850     (case out-len
 851       (#.$SQL_NULL_DATA
 852        (return-from read-data-in-chunks *null*))
 853       (#.$SQL_NO_TOTAL ;; don't know how long it is going to be
 854        (let ((str (make-array 0 :element-type 'character :adjustable t)))
 855          (loop do (if (= c-type #.$SQL_CHAR)
 856                       (let ((data-length (foreign-string-length data-ptr)))
 857                         (adjust-array str (+ offset data-length)
 858                                       :initial-element #\?)
 859                         (setf offset (%cstring-into-vector
 860                                       data-ptr str
 861                                       offset
 862                                       data-length)))
 863                     (error "wrong type. preliminary."))
 864                while (and (= res $SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
 865                           (equal (sql-state +null-handle-ptr+ +null-handle-ptr+ hstmt)
 866                                  "01004"))
 867                do (setf res (%sql-get-data hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr
 868                                            +max-precision+ out-len-ptr)))
 869          (setf str (coerce str 'string))
 870          (if (= sql-type $SQL_DECIMAL)
 871              (let ((*read-base* 10))
 872                (read-from-string str))
 873            str)))
 874       (otherwise
 875        (let ((str (make-string out-len)))
 876          (loop do (if (= c-type #.$SQL_CHAR)
 877                       (setf offset (%cstring-into-vector ;string
 878                                     data-ptr str
 879                                     offset
 880                                     (min out-len (1- +max-precision+))))
 881                     (error "wrong type. preliminary."))
 882                while
 883                (and (= res $SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
 884                     #+ingore(eq (sql-state +null-handle-ptr+ +null-handle-ptr+ hstmt)
 885                                 $sql-data-truncated)
 886                     (equal (sql-state +null-handle-ptr+ +null-handle-ptr+ hstmt)
 887                            "01004"))
 888                do (setf res (%sql-get-data hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr
 889                                            +max-precision+ out-len-ptr)
 890                         out-len (deref-pointer out-len-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))
 891          (if (= sql-type $SQL_DECIMAL)
 892              (let ((*read-base* 10))
 893                (read-from-string str))
 894            str))))))
 895
 896 (def-type c-timestamp-ptr-type '(* (:struct sql-c-timestamp)))
 897 (def-type c-time-ptr-type '(* (:struct sql-c-time)))
 898 (def-type c-date-ptr-type '(* (:struct sql-c-date)))
 899
 900 (defun timestamp-to-universal-time (ptr)
 901   (declare (type c-timestamp-ptr-type ptr))
 902   (values
 903    (encode-universal-time
 904     (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second)
 905     (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute)
 906     (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour)
 907     (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day)
 908     (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month)
 909     (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year))
 910    (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'fraction)))
 911
 912 (defun universal-time-to-timestamp (time &optional (fraction 0))
 913   (multiple-value-bind (sec min hour day month year)
 914       (decode-universal-time time)
 915     (let ((ptr (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-timestamp)))
 916       (setf (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second) sec
 917             (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute) min
 918             (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour) hour
 919             (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day) day
 920             (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month) month
 921             (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year) year
 922             (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'fraction) fraction)
 923       ptr)))
 924
 925 (defun %put-timestamp (ptr time &optional (fraction 0))
 926   (declare (type c-timestamp-ptr-type ptr))
 927   (multiple-value-bind (sec min hour day month year)
 928       (decode-universal-time time)
 929     (setf (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second) sec
 930           (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute) min
 931           (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour) hour
 932           (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day) day
 933           (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month) month
 934           (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year) year
 935           (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'fraction) fraction)
 936       ptr))
 937
 938 (defun date-to-universal-time (ptr)
 939   (declare (type c-date-ptr-type ptr))
 940   (encode-universal-time
 941    0 0 0
 942    (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day)
 943    (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month)
 944    (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year)))
 945
 946 (defun time-to-universal-time (ptr)
 947   (declare (type c-time-ptr-type ptr))
 948   (encode-universal-time
 949    (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second)
 950    (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute)
 951    (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour)
 952    1 1 0))
 953
 954
 955 ;;; Added by KMR
 956
 957 (defun %set-attr-odbc-version (henv version)
 958   (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
 959       (SQLSetEnvAttr henv $SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION
 960                      (make-pointer version :void) 0)))
 961
 962 (defun %list-tables (hstmt)
 963   (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
 964     (SQLTables hstmt +null-ptr+ 0 +null-ptr+ 0 +null-ptr+ 0 +null-ptr+ 0)))
 965
 966 (defun %table-statistics (table hstmt &key unique (ensure t))
 967   (with-cstrings ((table-cs table))
 968     (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
 969       (SQLStatistics
 970        hstmt
 971        +null-ptr+ 0
 972        +null-ptr+ 0
 973        table-cs $SQL_NTS
 974        (if unique $SQL_INDEX_UNIQUE $SQL_INDEX_ALL)
 975        (if ensure $SQL_ENSURE $SQL_QUICK)))))
 976
 977 (defun %list-data-sources (henv)
 978   (let ((dsn (allocate-foreign-string (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)))
 979         (desc (allocate-foreign-string 256))
 980         (results nil))
 981     (unwind-protect
 982          (with-foreign-objects ((dsn-len :short)
 983                                 (desc-len :short))
 984            (let ((res (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
 985                         (SQLDataSources henv $SQL_FETCH_FIRST dsn
 986                                         (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
 987                                         dsn-len desc 256 desc-len))))
 988              (when (or (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS)
 989                        (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))
 990                (push (convert-from-foreign-string dsn) results))
 991
 992              (do ((res (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
 993                          (SQLDataSources henv $SQL_FETCH_NEXT dsn
 994                                          (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
 995                                          dsn-len desc 256 desc-len))
 996                        (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
 997                          (SQLDataSources henv $SQL_FETCH_NEXT dsn
 998                                          (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
 999                                          dsn-len desc 256 desc-len))))
1000                  ((not (or (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS)
1001                            (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))))
1002                (push (convert-from-foreign-string dsn) results))))
1003       (progn
1004         (free-foreign-object dsn)
1005         (free-foreign-object desc)))
1006     (nreverse results)))
1007