X-Git-Url: http://git.kpe.io/?p=clsql.git;a=blobdiff_plain;f=db-odbc%2Fodbc-api.lisp;h=208dafa7536190665644a5709ad9fb99f04eb81b;hp=717d9cf5ac3c9cb6255c3e7f13dc4a3f99eafd2b;hb=906d7a71b35ee1cd6d281623694bc90ced22c339;hpb=8133ca7db26e719bb534c036207b7aba1d6a4b75

diff --git a/db-odbc/odbc-api.lisp b/db-odbc/odbc-api.lisp
index 717d9cf..208dafa 100644
--- a/db-odbc/odbc-api.lisp
+++ b/db-odbc/odbc-api.lisp
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-;;;; -*- Mode: LISP; Syntax: ANSI-Common-Lisp; Base: 10 -*-
+;;;; -*- Mode: LISP; Syntax: ANSI-Common-Lisp; Package: odbc -*-
 ;;;; *************************************************************************
 ;;;; FILE IDENTIFICATION
 ;;;;
-;;;; Name:    odbc-api.lisp
-;;;; Purpose: Low-level Odbc interface using UFFI
-;;;; Author:  Kevin M. Rosenberg based on 
-;;;; Created: April 2004
-;;;;
-;;;; $Id: odbc-api.lisp 8811 2004-04-02 20:45:48Z kevin $
+;;;; Name:     odbc-api.lisp
+;;;; Purpose:  Low-level ODBC API using UFFI
+;;;; Authors:  Kevin M. Rosenberg and Paul Meurer
 ;;;;
 ;;;; This file, part of CLSQL, is Copyright (c) 2004 by Kevin M. Rosenberg
+;;;; and Copyright (C) Paul Meurer 1999 - 2001. All rights reserved.
 ;;;;
 ;;;; CLSQL users are granted the rights to distribute and use this software
 ;;;; as governed by the terms of the Lisp Lesser GNU Public License
@@ -18,3 +16,1008 @@
 
 (in-package #:odbc)
 
+(defvar *null* nil
+  "Lisp representation of SQL Null value, default = nil.
+May be locally bound to something else if a certain type is necessary.")
+
+
+(defvar *binary-format* :unsigned-byte-vector)
+(defvar *time-format*
+  (lambda (time)
+    (clsql-sys:format-time nil time :format :iso))
+   "Bound to a function that converts from a clsql:wall-time to the desired
+    representation of date/time/timestamp.
+    By default, returns an iso-timestring.")
+
+(defvar +null-ptr+ (make-null-pointer :byte))
+(defparameter +null-handle-ptr+ (make-null-pointer :void))
+(defvar *info-output* nil
+  "Stream to send SUCCESS_WITH_INFO messages.")
+
+(defmacro %put-str (ptr string &optional max-length)
+  (let ((size (gensym)))
+    `(let ((,size (length ,string)))
+       (when (and ,max-length (> ,size ,max-length))
+         (error 'clsql:sql-database-data-error
+                :message
+                (format nil "string \"~a\" of length ~d is longer than max-length: ~d"
+                        ,string ,size ,max-length)))
+      (with-cast-pointer (char-ptr ,ptr :byte)
+        (dotimes (i ,size)
+          (setf (deref-array char-ptr '(:array :byte) i)
+                (char-code (char ,string i))))
+        (setf (deref-array char-ptr '(:array :byte) ,size) 0)))))
+
+(defmacro with-allocate-foreign-string ((var len) &body body)
+  "Safely does uffi:allocate-foreign-string-- making sure we do the uffi:free-foreign-object"
+  `(let ((,var))
+    (unwind-protect
+         (progn
+           (setf ,var (uffi:allocate-foreign-string ,len))
+           ,@body)
+      (when ,var
+        (uffi:free-foreign-object ,var)))))
+
+(defmacro with-allocate-foreign-strings (bindings &rest body)
+  (if bindings
+      `(with-allocate-foreign-string ,(car bindings)
+        (with-allocate-foreign-strings ,(cdr bindings)
+          ,@body))
+      `(progn ,@body)))
+
+(defun handle-error (henv hdbc hstmt)
+  (with-allocate-foreign-strings ((sql-state 256)
+                                  (error-message #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH))
+   (with-foreign-objects ((error-code #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
+                          (msg-length :short))
+    (SQLError henv hdbc hstmt sql-state
+              error-code error-message
+              #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH msg-length)
+    (values
+     (convert-from-foreign-string error-message)
+     (convert-from-foreign-string sql-state)
+     (deref-pointer msg-length :short)
+     (deref-pointer error-code #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))))
+
+(defun sql-state (henv hdbc hstmt)
+  (with-allocate-foreign-strings ((sql-state 256)
+                                  (error-message #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH))
+   (with-foreign-objects ((error-code #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
+                          (msg-length :short))
+    (SQLError henv hdbc hstmt sql-state error-code
+              error-message #.$SQL_MAX_MESSAGE_LENGTH msg-length)
+    (convert-from-foreign-string sql-state)
+    ;; test this: return a keyword for efficiency
+    ;;(%cstring-to-keyword state)
+    )))
+
+(defmacro with-error-handling ((&key henv hdbc hstmt (print-info t))
+                                   odbc-call &body body)
+  (let ((result-code (gensym "RC-")))
+    `(let ((,result-code ,odbc-call))
+
+      ;; Check for allegro v7 & v8 bug with ODBC calls returning
+      ;; 32-bit unsigned ints, not 16-bit signed ints
+      #+(and allegro mswindows)
+      (when (> ,result-code #xFFFF)
+        (warn (format nil "16-bit return bug: result-code #x~X for expression ~S"
+                      ,result-code (quote ,odbc-call)))
+        (setq ,result-code (logand ,result-code #xFFFF))
+        (when (> ,result-code #x7FFF)
+          (setq ,result-code (- ,result-code #x10000))))
+
+       (case ,result-code
+         (#.$SQL_SUCCESS
+          (progn ,result-code ,@body))
+         (#.$SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO
+          (when ,print-info
+            (multiple-value-bind (error-message sql-state)
+                (handle-error (or ,henv +null-handle-ptr+)
+                              (or ,hdbc +null-handle-ptr+)
+                              (or ,hstmt +null-handle-ptr+))
+              (when *info-output*
+                (format *info-output* "[ODBC info ~A] ~A state: ~A"
+                        ,result-code error-message
+                        sql-state))))
+          (progn ,result-code ,@body))
+         (#.$SQL_INVALID_HANDLE
+          (error
+           'clsql-sys:sql-database-error
+           :message "ODBC: Invalid handle"))
+         (#.$SQL_STILL_EXECUTING
+          (error
+           'clsql-sys:sql-temporary-error
+           :message "ODBC: Still executing"))
+         (#.$SQL_ERROR
+          (multiple-value-bind (error-message sql-state)
+              (handle-error (or ,henv +null-handle-ptr+)
+                            (or ,hdbc +null-handle-ptr+)
+                            (or ,hstmt +null-handle-ptr+))
+            (error
+             'clsql-sys:sql-database-error
+             :message error-message
+             :secondary-error-id sql-state)))
+         (#.$SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND
+          (progn ,result-code ,@body))
+         ;; work-around for Allegro 7.0beta AMD64 which returns negative numbers
+         (otherwise
+          (multiple-value-bind (error-message sql-state)
+              (handle-error (or ,henv +null-handle-ptr+)
+                            (or ,hdbc +null-handle-ptr+)
+                            (or ,hstmt +null-handle-ptr+))
+            (error
+             'clsql-sys:sql-database-error
+             :message error-message
+             :secondary-error-id sql-state))
+          #+ignore
+          (progn ,result-code ,@body))))))
+
+(defun %new-environment-handle ()
+  (let ((henv
+         (with-foreign-object (phenv 'sql-handle)
+           (with-error-handling
+               ()
+             (SQLAllocHandle $SQL_HANDLE_ENV +null-handle-ptr+ phenv)
+             (deref-pointer phenv 'sql-handle)))))
+    (%set-attr-odbc-version henv $SQL_OV_ODBC3)
+    henv))
+
+
+(defun %sql-free-environment (henv)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:henv henv)
+    (SQLFreeEnv henv)))
+
+(defun %new-db-connection-handle (henv)
+  (with-foreign-object (phdbc 'sql-handle)
+    (setf (deref-pointer phdbc 'sql-handle) +null-handle-ptr+)
+    (with-error-handling
+      (:henv henv)
+      (SQLAllocHandle $SQL_HANDLE_DBC henv phdbc)
+      (deref-pointer phdbc 'sql-handle))))
+
+(defun %free-statement (hstmt option)
+  (with-error-handling
+      (:hstmt hstmt)
+      (SQLFreeStmt
+       hstmt
+       (ecase option
+         (:drop $SQL_DROP)
+         (:close $SQL_CLOSE)
+         (:unbind $SQL_UNBIND)
+         (:reset $SQL_RESET_PARAMS)))))
+
+(defmacro with-statement-handle ((hstmt hdbc) &body body)
+  `(let ((,hstmt (%new-statement-handle ,hdbc)))
+     (unwind-protect
+       (progn ,@body)
+       (%free-statement ,hstmt :drop))))
+
+;; functional interface
+
+(defun %sql-connect (hdbc server uid pwd)
+  (with-cstrings ((server-ptr server)
+                  (uid-ptr uid)
+                  (pwd-ptr pwd))
+    (with-error-handling
+        (:hdbc hdbc)
+      (SQLConnect hdbc server-ptr $SQL_NTS uid-ptr
+                  $SQL_NTS pwd-ptr $SQL_NTS))))
+
+(defun %sql-driver-connect (hdbc connection-string completion window-handle)
+  (with-cstring (connection-ptr connection-string)
+    (with-allocate-foreign-string (completed-connection-string-ptr $SQL_MAX_CONN_OUT)
+      (with-foreign-object (completed-connection-length :short)
+       (with-error-handling
+           (:hdbc hdbc)
+           (SQLDriverConnect hdbc
+                             (or window-handle
+                                 +null-handle-ptr+)
+                             connection-ptr $SQL_NTS
+                             completed-connection-string-ptr $SQL_MAX_CONN_OUT
+                             completed-connection-length
+                             completion))))))
+
+(defun %disconnect (hdbc)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hdbc hdbc)
+    (SQLDisconnect hdbc)
+    (with-error-handling
+        (:hdbc hdbc)
+        (SQLFreeHandle $SQL_HANDLE_DBC hdbc))))
+
+(defun %commit (henv hdbc)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:henv henv :hdbc hdbc)
+    (SQLTransact
+     henv hdbc $SQL_COMMIT)))
+
+(defun %rollback (henv hdbc)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:henv henv :hdbc hdbc)
+    (SQLTransact
+     henv hdbc $SQL_ROLLBACK)))
+
+; col-nr is zero-based in Lisp but 1 based in sql
+; col-nr = :bookmark retrieves a bookmark.
+(defun %bind-column (hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hstmt hstmt)
+    (SQLBindCol hstmt
+                (if (eq column-nr :bookmark) 0 (1+ column-nr))
+                c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)))
+
+; parameter-nr is zero-based in Lisp
+(defun %sql-bind-parameter (hstmt parameter-nr parameter-type c-type
+                                      sql-type precision scale data-ptr
+                                      max-value out-len-ptr)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hstmt hstmt)
+    (SQLBindParameter hstmt (1+ parameter-nr)
+                      parameter-type ;$SQL_PARAM_INPUT
+                      c-type ;$SQL_C_CHAR
+                      sql-type ;$SQL_VARCHAR
+                      precision ;(1- (length str))
+                      scale ;0
+                      data-ptr
+                      max-value
+                      out-len-ptr ;#.+null-ptr+
+                      )))
+
+(defun %sql-fetch (hstmt)
+  (with-error-handling
+      (:hstmt hstmt)
+      (SQLFetch hstmt)))
+
+(defun %new-statement-handle (hdbc)
+  (let ((statement-handle
+         (with-foreign-object (phstmt 'sql-handle)
+           (with-error-handling
+               (:hdbc hdbc)
+             (SQLAllocHandle $SQL_HANDLE_STMT hdbc phstmt)
+             (deref-pointer phstmt 'sql-handle)))))
+    (if (uffi:null-pointer-p statement-handle)
+        (error 'clsql:sql-database-error :message "Received null statement handle.")
+        statement-handle)))
+
+(defun %sql-get-info (hdbc info-type)
+  (ecase info-type
+    ;; those return string
+    ((#.$SQL_ACCESSIBLE_PROCEDURES
+      #.$SQL_ACCESSIBLE_TABLES
+      #.$SQL_COLUMN_ALIAS
+      #.$SQL_DATA_SOURCE_NAME
+      #.$SQL_DATA_SOURCE_READ_ONLY
+      #.$SQL_DBMS_NAME
+      #.$SQL_DBMS_VER
+      #.$SQL_DRIVER_NAME
+      #.$SQL_DRIVER_ODBC_VER
+      #.$SQL_DRIVER_VER
+      #.$SQL_EXPRESSIONS_IN_ORDERBY
+      #.$SQL_IDENTIFIER_QUOTE_CHAR
+      #.$SQL_KEYWORDS
+      #.$SQL_LIKE_ESCAPE_CLAUSE
+      #.$SQL_MAX_ROW_SIZE_INCLUDES_LONG
+      #.$SQL_MULT_RESULT_SETS
+      #.$SQL_MULTIPLE_ACTIVE_TXN
+      #.$SQL_NEED_LONG_DATA_LEN
+      #.$SQL_ODBC_SQL_OPT_IEF
+      #.$SQL_ODBC_VER
+      #.$SQL_ORDER_BY_COLUMNS_IN_SELECT
+      #.$SQL_OUTER_JOINS
+      #.$SQL_OWNER_TERM
+      #.$SQL_PROCEDURE_TERM
+      #.$SQL_PROCEDURES
+      #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_NAME_SEPARATOR
+      #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_TERM
+      #.$SQL_ROW_UPDATES
+      #.$SQL_SEARCH_PATTERN_ESCAPE
+      #.$SQL_SERVER_NAME
+      #.$SQL_SPECIAL_CHARACTERS
+      #.$SQL_TABLE_TERM
+      #.$SQL_USER_NAME)
+     (with-allocate-foreign-string (info-ptr 1024)
+       (with-foreign-object (info-length-ptr :short)
+        (with-error-handling
+            (:hdbc hdbc)
+            (SQLGetInfo hdbc info-type info-ptr 1023 info-length-ptr)
+          (convert-from-foreign-string info-ptr)))))
+    ;; those returning a word
+    ((#.$SQL_ACTIVE_CONNECTIONS
+      #.$SQL_ACTIVE_STATEMENTS
+      #.$SQL_CONCAT_NULL_BEHAVIOR
+      #.$SQL_CORRELATION_NAME
+      #.$SQL_CURSOR_COMMIT_BEHAVIOR
+      #.$SQL_CURSOR_ROLLBACK_BEHAVIOR
+      #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMN_NAME_LEN
+      #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_GROUP_BY
+      #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_INDEX
+      #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_ORDER_BY
+      #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_SELECT
+      #.$SQL_MAX_COLUMNS_IN_TABLE
+      #.$SQL_MAX_CURSOR_NAME_LEN
+      #.$SQL_MAX_OWNER_NAME_LEN
+      #.$SQL_MAX_PROCEDURE_NAME_LEN
+      #.$SQL_MAX_QUALIFIER_NAME_LEN
+      #.$SQL_MAX_TABLE_NAME_LEN
+      #.$SQL_MAX_TABLES_IN_SELECT
+      #.$SQL_MAX_USER_NAME_LEN
+      #.$SQL_NON_NULLABLE_COLUMNS
+      #.$SQL_NULL_COLLATION
+      #.$SQL_ODBC_API_CONFORMANCE
+      #.$SQL_ODBC_SAG_CLI_CONFORMANCE
+      #.$SQL_ODBC_SQL_CONFORMANCE
+      #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_LOCATION
+      #.$SQL_QUOTED_IDENTIFIER_CASE
+      #.$SQL_TXN_CAPABLE)
+     (with-foreign-objects ((info-ptr :short)
+                            (info-length-ptr :short))
+       (with-error-handling
+        (:hdbc hdbc)
+         (SQLGetInfo hdbc
+                     info-type
+                     info-ptr
+                     255
+                     info-length-ptr)
+         (deref-pointer info-ptr :short)))
+     )
+    ;; those returning a long bitmask
+    ((#.$SQL_ALTER_TABLE
+      #.$SQL_BOOKMARK_PERSISTENCE
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_BIGINT
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_BINARY
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_BIT
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_CHAR
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_DATE
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_DECIMAL
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_DOUBLE
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_FLOAT
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_INTEGER
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_LONGVARCHAR
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_NUMERIC
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_REAL
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_SMALLINT
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_TIME
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_TIMESTAMP
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_TINYINT
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_VARBINARY
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_VARCHAR
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_LONGVARBINARY
+      #.$SQL_CONVERT_FUNCTIONS
+      #.$SQL_FETCH_DIRECTION
+      #.$SQL_FILE_USAGE
+      #.$SQL_GETDATA_EXTENSIONS
+      #.$SQL_LOCK_TYPES
+      #.$SQL_MAX_INDEX_SIZE
+      #.$SQL_MAX_ROW_SIZE
+      #.$SQL_MAX_STATEMENT_LEN
+      #.$SQL_NUMERIC_FUNCTIONS
+      #.$SQL_OWNER_USAGE
+      #.$SQL_POS_OPERATIONS
+      #.$SQL_POSITIONED_STATEMENTS
+      #.$SQL_QUALIFIER_USAGE
+      #.$SQL_SCROLL_CONCURRENCY
+      #.$SQL_SCROLL_OPTIONS
+      #.$SQL_STATIC_SENSITIVITY
+      #.$SQL_STRING_FUNCTIONS
+      #.$SQL_SUBQUERIES
+      #.$SQL_SYSTEM_FUNCTIONS
+      #.$SQL_TIMEDATE_ADD_INTERVALS
+      #.$SQL_TIMEDATE_DIFF_INTERVALS
+      #.$SQL_TIMEDATE_FUNCTIONS
+      #.$SQL_TXN_ISOLATION_OPTION
+      #.$SQL_UNION)
+     (with-foreign-objects ((info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
+                            (info-length-ptr :short))
+       (with-error-handling
+         (:hdbc hdbc)
+         (SQLGetInfo hdbc
+                     info-type
+                     info-ptr
+                     255
+                     info-length-ptr)
+         (deref-pointer info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))
+     )
+    ;; those returning a long integer
+    ((#.$SQL_DEFAULT_TXN_ISOLATION
+      #.$SQL_DRIVER_HDBC
+      #.$SQL_DRIVER_HENV
+      #.$SQL_DRIVER_HLIB
+      #.$SQL_DRIVER_HSTMT
+      #.$SQL_GROUP_BY
+      #.$SQL_IDENTIFIER_CASE
+      #.$SQL_MAX_BINARY_LITERAL_LEN
+      #.$SQL_MAX_CHAR_LITERAL_LEN
+      #.$SQL_ACTIVE_ENVIRONMENTS
+      )
+     (with-foreign-objects ((info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
+                            (info-length-ptr :short))
+       (with-error-handling
+         (:hdbc hdbc)
+         (SQLGetInfo hdbc info-type info-ptr 255 info-length-ptr)
+         (deref-pointer info-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))))
+
+(defun %sql-exec-direct (sql hstmt henv hdbc)
+  (with-cstring (sql-ptr sql)
+    (with-error-handling
+      (:hstmt hstmt :henv henv :hdbc hdbc)
+      (SQLExecDirect hstmt sql-ptr $SQL_NTS))))
+
+(defun %sql-cancel (hstmt)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hstmt hstmt)
+    (SQLCancel hstmt)))
+
+(defun %sql-execute (hstmt)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hstmt hstmt)
+    (SQLExecute hstmt)))
+
+(defun result-columns-count (hstmt)
+  (with-foreign-objects ((columns-nr-ptr :short))
+    (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
+                         (SQLNumResultCols hstmt columns-nr-ptr)
+      (deref-pointer columns-nr-ptr :short))))
+
+(defun result-rows-count (hstmt)
+  (with-foreign-objects ((row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
+    (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
+                         (SQLRowCount hstmt row-count-ptr)
+      (deref-pointer row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))
+
+;; column counting is 1-based
+(defun %describe-column (hstmt column-nr)
+  (with-allocate-foreign-string (column-name-ptr 256)
+    (with-foreign-objects ((column-name-length-ptr :short)
+                           (column-sql-type-ptr :short)
+                           (column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
+                           (column-scale-ptr :short)
+                           (column-nullable-p-ptr :short))
+     (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
+         (SQLDescribeCol hstmt column-nr column-name-ptr 256
+                         column-name-length-ptr
+                         column-sql-type-ptr
+                         column-precision-ptr
+                         column-scale-ptr
+                         column-nullable-p-ptr)
+       (values
+        (convert-from-foreign-string column-name-ptr)
+        (deref-pointer column-sql-type-ptr :short)
+        (deref-pointer column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
+        (deref-pointer column-scale-ptr :short)
+        (deref-pointer column-nullable-p-ptr :short))))))
+
+;; parameter counting is 1-based
+;; this function isn't used, which is good because FreeTDS dosn't support it.
+(defun %describe-parameter (hstmt parameter-nr)
+  (with-foreign-objects ((column-sql-type-ptr :short)
+                         (column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
+                         (column-scale-ptr :short)
+                         (column-nullable-p-ptr :short))
+    (with-error-handling
+      (:hstmt hstmt)
+      (SQLDescribeParam hstmt parameter-nr
+                        column-sql-type-ptr
+                        column-precision-ptr
+                        column-scale-ptr
+                        column-nullable-p-ptr)
+      (values
+       (deref-pointer column-sql-type-ptr :short)
+       (deref-pointer column-precision-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
+       (deref-pointer column-scale-ptr :short)
+       (deref-pointer column-nullable-p-ptr :short)))))
+
+(defun %column-attributes (hstmt column-nr descriptor-type)
+  (with-allocate-foreign-string (descriptor-info-ptr 256)
+    (with-foreign-objects ((descriptor-length-ptr :short)
+                           (numeric-descriptor-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
+     (with-error-handling
+         (:hstmt hstmt)
+         (SQLColAttributes hstmt column-nr descriptor-type descriptor-info-ptr
+                           256 descriptor-length-ptr
+                           numeric-descriptor-ptr)
+       (values
+        (convert-from-foreign-string descriptor-info-ptr)
+        (deref-pointer numeric-descriptor-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))))
+
+(defun %prepare-describe-columns (hstmt table-qualifier table-owner
+                                   table-name column-name)
+  (with-cstrings ((table-qualifier-ptr table-qualifier)
+                  (table-owner-ptr table-owner)
+                  (table-name-ptr table-name)
+                  (column-name-ptr column-name))
+    (with-error-handling
+        (:hstmt hstmt)
+      (SQLColumns hstmt
+                  table-qualifier-ptr (length table-qualifier)
+                  table-owner-ptr (length table-owner)
+                  table-name-ptr (length table-name)
+                  column-name-ptr (length column-name)))))
+
+(defun %describe-columns (hdbc table-qualifier table-owner
+                          table-name column-name)
+  (with-statement-handle (hstmt hdbc)
+    (%prepare-describe-columns hstmt table-qualifier table-owner
+                               table-name column-name)
+    (fetch-all-rows hstmt)))
+
+(defun %sql-data-sources (henv &key (direction :first))
+  (with-allocate-foreign-strings ((name-ptr (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH))
+                                  (description-ptr 1024))
+   (with-foreign-objects ((name-length-ptr :short)
+                          (description-length-ptr :short))
+    (let ((res (with-error-handling
+                   (:henv henv)
+                   (SQLDataSources henv
+                                   (ecase direction
+                                     (:first $SQL_FETCH_FIRST)
+                                     (:next $SQL_FETCH_NEXT))
+                                   name-ptr
+                                   (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
+                                   name-length-ptr
+                                   description-ptr
+                                   1024
+                                   description-length-ptr))))
+      (when (= res $SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
+        (values
+          (convert-from-foreign-string name-ptr)
+          (convert-from-foreign-string description-ptr)))))))
+
+
+
+(defun sql-to-c-type (sql-type)
+  (ecase sql-type
+    ;; Added -10 for MSSQL ntext type and -11 for nvarchar
+    ((#.$SQL_CHAR #.$SQL_VARCHAR #.$SQL_LONGVARCHAR
+      #.$SQL_NUMERIC #.$sql_decimal -8 -9 -10 -11) $SQL_C_CHAR)
+    (#.$SQL_INTEGER $SQL_C_SLONG)
+    (#.$SQL_BIGINT $SQL_C_SBIGINT)
+    (#.$SQL_SMALLINT $SQL_C_SSHORT)
+    (#.$SQL_DOUBLE $SQL_C_DOUBLE)
+    (#.$SQL_FLOAT $SQL_C_DOUBLE)
+    (#.$SQL_REAL $SQL_C_FLOAT)
+    (#.$SQL_DATE $SQL_C_DATE)
+    (#.$SQL_TIME $SQL_C_TIME)
+    (#.$SQL_TIMESTAMP $SQL_C_TIMESTAMP)
+    (#.$SQL_TYPE_DATE $SQL_C_TYPE_DATE)
+    (#.$SQL_TYPE_TIME $SQL_C_TYPE_TIME)
+    (#.$SQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP $SQL_C_TYPE_TIMESTAMP)
+    ((#.$SQL_BINARY #.$SQL_VARBINARY #.$SQL_LONGVARBINARY) $SQL_C_BINARY)
+    (#.$SQL_TINYINT $SQL_C_STINYINT)
+    (#.$SQL_BIT $SQL_C_BIT)))
+
+(def-type byte-pointer-type (* :byte))
+(def-type short-pointer-type (* :short))
+(def-type int-pointer-type (* :int))
+(def-type long-pointer-type (* #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
+(def-type big-pointer-type (* #.$ODBC-BIG-TYPE))
+(def-type float-pointer-type (* :float))
+(def-type double-pointer-type (* :double))
+(def-type string-pointer-type (* :unsigned-char))
+
+(defun get-cast-byte (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type byte-pointer-type ptr))
+    (deref-pointer ptr :byte)))
+
+(defun get-cast-short (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type short-pointer-type ptr))
+    (deref-pointer ptr :short)))
+
+(defun get-cast-int (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type int-pointer-type ptr))
+    (deref-pointer ptr :int)))
+
+(defun get-cast-long (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type long-pointer-type ptr))
+    (deref-pointer ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))
+
+(defun get-cast-big (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type big-pointer-type ptr))
+    (deref-pointer ptr #.$ODBC-BIG-TYPE)))
+
+(defun get-cast-single-float (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type float-pointer-type ptr))
+    (deref-pointer ptr :float)))
+
+(defun get-cast-double-float (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type double-pointer-type ptr))
+    (deref-pointer ptr :double)))
+
+(defun get-cast-foreign-string (ptr)
+  (locally (declare (type string-pointer-type ptr))
+    (convert-from-foreign-string ptr)))
+
+(defun get-cast-binary (ptr len format)
+  "FORMAT is one of :unsigned-byte-vector, :bit-vector (:string, :hex-string)"
+  (with-cast-pointer (casted ptr :unsigned-byte)
+    (ecase format
+      (:unsigned-byte-vector
+       (let ((vector (make-array len :element-type '(unsigned-byte 8))))
+         (dotimes (i len)
+           (setf (aref vector i)
+                 (deref-array casted '(:array :unsigned-byte) i)))
+         vector))
+      (:bit-vector
+       (let ((vector (make-array (ash len 3) :element-type 'bit)))
+         (dotimes (i len)
+           (let ((byte (deref-array casted '(:array :byte) i)))
+             (dotimes (j 8)
+               (setf (bit vector (+ (ash i 3) j))
+                     (logand (ash byte (- j 7)) 1)))))
+         vector)))))
+
+
+(defun read-data (data-ptr c-type sql-type out-len-ptr result-type)
+  (declare (type long-ptr-type out-len-ptr))
+  (let* ((out-len (get-cast-long out-len-ptr))
+         (value
+          (cond ((= out-len $SQL_NULL_DATA) *null*)
+                (t
+                 (case sql-type
+                   ;; SQL extended datatypes
+                   (#.$SQL_TINYINT  (get-cast-byte data-ptr))
+                   (#.$SQL_C_STINYINT (get-cast-byte data-ptr)) ;; ?
+                   (#.$SQL_C_SSHORT (get-cast-short data-ptr)) ;; ?
+                   (#.$SQL_SMALLINT (get-cast-short data-ptr)) ;; ??
+                   (#.$SQL_INTEGER (get-cast-int data-ptr))
+                   (#.$SQL_BIGINT (get-cast-big data-ptr))
+                   ;; TODO: Change this to read in rationals instead of doubles
+                   ((#.$SQL_DECIMAL #.$SQL_NUMERIC)
+                     (let* ((*read-base* 10)
+                            (*read-default-float-format* 'double-float)
+                            (str (get-cast-foreign-string data-ptr)))
+                       (read-from-string str)))
+                   (#.$SQL_BIT (get-cast-byte data-ptr))
+                   (t
+                    (case c-type
+                      ((#.$SQL_C_DATE #.$SQL_C_TYPE_DATE)
+                       (funcall *time-format* (date-to-clsql-time data-ptr)))
+                      ((#.$SQL_C_TIME #.$SQL_C_TYPE_TIME)
+		       (funcall *time-format* (time-to-clsql-time data-ptr)))
+                      ((#.$SQL_C_TIMESTAMP #.$SQL_C_TYPE_TIMESTAMP)
+		       (funcall *time-format* (timestamp-to-clsql-time data-ptr)))
+                      (#.$SQL_INTEGER
+                       (get-cast-int data-ptr))
+                      (#.$SQL_C_FLOAT
+                       (get-cast-single-float data-ptr))
+                      (#.$SQL_C_DOUBLE
+                       (get-cast-double-float data-ptr))
+                      (#.$SQL_C_SLONG
+                       (get-cast-long data-ptr))
+                      #+lispworks
+                      (#.$SQL_C_BIT     ; encountered only in Access
+                       (get-cast-byte data-ptr))
+                      (#.$SQL_C_BINARY
+                       (get-cast-binary data-ptr out-len *binary-format*))
+                      ((#.$SQL_C_SSHORT #.$SQL_C_STINYINT) ; LMH short ints
+                       (get-cast-short data-ptr)) ; LMH
+                      (#.$SQL_C_SBIGINT (get-cast-big data-ptr))
+                      #+ignore
+                      (#.$SQL_C_CHAR
+                       (code-char (get-cast-short data-ptr)))
+                      (t
+                       (get-cast-foreign-string data-ptr)))))))))
+
+    ;; FIXME: this could be better optimized for types which use READ-FROM-STRING above
+
+    (if (and (or (eq result-type t) (eq result-type :string))
+             value
+             (not (stringp value)))
+        (write-to-string value)
+      value)))
+
+;; which value is appropriate?
+(defparameter +max-precision+  4001)
+
+(defvar *break-on-unknown-data-type* t)
+
+;; C. Stacy's idea to factor this out
+;; "Make it easy to add new datatypes by making new subroutine %ALLOCATE-BINDINGS,
+;; so that I don't have to remember to make changes in more than one place.
+;; Just keep it in synch with READ-DATA."
+(defun %allocate-bindings (sql-type precision)
+  (let* ((c-type (sql-to-c-type sql-type))
+         (size (if (zerop precision)
+                   +max-precision+ ;; if the precision cannot be determined
+                 (min precision +max-precision+)))
+         (long-p (= size +max-precision+))
+         (data-ptr
+          (case c-type ;; add more?
+            (#.$SQL_C_SLONG (uffi:allocate-foreign-object #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))
+            ((#.$SQL_C_DATE #.$SQL_C_TYPE_DATE) (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-date))
+            ((#.$SQL_C_TIME #.$SQL_C_TYPE_TIME) (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-time))
+            ((#.$SQL_C_TIMESTAMP #.$SQL_C_TYPE_TIMESTAMP) (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-timestamp))
+            (#.$SQL_C_FLOAT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :float))
+            (#.$SQL_C_DOUBLE (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :double))
+            (#.$SQL_C_BIT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :byte))
+            (#.$SQL_C_STINYINT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :byte))
+            (#.$SQL_C_SBIGINT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object #.$ODBC-BIG-TYPE))
+            (#.$SQL_C_SSHORT (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :short))
+            (#.$SQL_C_CHAR (uffi:allocate-foreign-string (1+ size)))
+            (#.$SQL_C_BINARY (uffi:allocate-foreign-string (1+ (* 2 size))))
+            (t
+                ;; Maybe should signal a restartable condition for this?
+                (when *break-on-unknown-data-type*
+                  (break "SQL type is ~A, precision ~D, size ~D, C type is ~A"
+                         sql-type precision size c-type))
+                (uffi:allocate-foreign-object :byte (1+ size)))))
+         (out-len-ptr (uffi:allocate-foreign-object #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)))
+    (values c-type data-ptr out-len-ptr size long-p)))
+
+(defun fetch-all-rows (hstmt &key free-option flatp)
+  (let ((column-count (result-columns-count hstmt)))
+    (unless (zerop column-count)
+      (let ((names (make-array column-count))
+            (sql-types (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
+            (c-types (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
+            (precisions (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
+            (data-ptrs (make-array column-count :initial-element nil))
+            (out-len-ptrs (make-array column-count :initial-element nil))
+            (scales (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum))
+            (nullables-p (make-array column-count :element-type 'fixnum)))
+        (unwind-protect
+          (values
+           (progn
+             (dotimes (col-nr column-count)
+               ;; get column information
+               (multiple-value-bind (name sql-type precision scale nullable-p)
+                                    (%describe-column hstmt (1+ col-nr))
+                 ;; allocate space to bind result rows to
+                 (multiple-value-bind (c-type data-ptr out-len-ptr)
+                     (%allocate-bindings sql-type precision)
+                   (%bind-column hstmt col-nr c-type data-ptr (1+ precision) out-len-ptr)
+                   (setf (svref names col-nr) name
+                         (aref sql-types col-nr) sql-type
+                         (aref c-types col-nr) (sql-to-c-type sql-type)
+                         (aref precisions col-nr) (if (zerop precision) 0 precision)
+                         (aref scales col-nr) scale
+                         (aref nullables-p col-nr) nullable-p
+                         (aref data-ptrs col-nr) data-ptr
+                         (aref out-len-ptrs col-nr) out-len-ptr))))
+             ;; the main loop
+             (prog1
+               (cond (flatp
+                      (when (> column-count 1)
+                        (error 'clsql:sql-database-error
+                               :message "If more than one column is to be fetched, flatp has to be nil."))
+                      (loop until (= (%sql-fetch hstmt) $SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
+                            collect
+                            (read-data (aref data-ptrs 0)
+                                       (aref c-types 0)
+                                       (aref sql-types 0)
+                                       (aref out-len-ptrs 0)
+                                       t)))
+                     (t
+                      (loop until (= (%sql-fetch hstmt) $SQL_NO_DATA_FOUND)
+                            collect
+                            (loop for col-nr from 0 to (1- column-count)
+                                  collect
+                                  (read-data (aref data-ptrs col-nr)
+                                             (aref c-types col-nr)
+                                             (aref sql-types col-nr)
+                                             (aref out-len-ptrs col-nr)
+                                             t)))))))
+           names)
+          ;; dispose of memory etc
+          (when free-option (%free-statement hstmt free-option))
+          (dotimes (col-nr column-count)
+            (let ((data-ptr (aref data-ptrs col-nr))
+                  (out-len-ptr (aref out-len-ptrs col-nr)))
+              (when data-ptr (free-foreign-object data-ptr)) ; we *did* allocate them
+              (when out-len-ptr (free-foreign-object out-len-ptr)))))))))
+
+;; to do: factor out common parts, put the sceleton (the obligatory macro part)
+;; of %do-fetch into sql package (has been done)
+
+(defun %sql-prepare (hstmt sql)
+  (with-cstring (sql-ptr sql)
+    (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
+      (SQLPrepare hstmt sql-ptr $SQL_NTS))))
+
+;; depending on option, we return a long int or a string; string not implemented
+(defun get-connection-option (hdbc option)
+  (with-foreign-object (param-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE)
+    (with-error-handling (:hdbc hdbc)
+                         (SQLGetConnectOption hdbc option param-ptr)
+      (deref-pointer param-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE))))
+
+(defun set-connection-option (hdbc option param)
+  (with-error-handling (:hdbc hdbc)
+    (SQLSetConnectOption hdbc option param)))
+
+(defun disable-autocommit (hdbc)
+  (set-connection-option hdbc $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_OFF))
+
+(defun enable-autocommit (hdbc)
+  (set-connection-option hdbc $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT $SQL_AUTOCOMMIT_ON))
+
+(defun %sql-set-pos (hstmt row option lock)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hstmt hstmt)
+    (SQLSetPos hstmt row option lock)))
+
+(defun %sql-extended-fetch (hstmt fetch-type row)
+  (with-foreign-objects ((row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
+                         (row-status-ptr :short))
+    (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
+      (SQLExtendedFetch hstmt fetch-type row row-count-ptr
+                        row-status-ptr)
+      (values (deref-pointer row-count-ptr #.$ODBC-ULONG-TYPE)
+              (deref-pointer row-status-ptr :short)))))
+
+; column-nr is zero-based
+(defun %sql-get-data (hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hstmt hstmt :print-info nil)
+    (SQLGetData hstmt (if (eq column-nr :bookmark) 0 (1+ column-nr))
+                c-type data-ptr precision out-len-ptr)))
+
+(defun %sql-param-data (hstmt param-ptr)
+  (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt :print-info t) ;; nil
+      (SQLParamData hstmt param-ptr)))
+
+(defun %sql-put-data (hstmt data-ptr size)
+  (with-error-handling
+    (:hstmt hstmt :print-info t) ;; nil
+    (SQLPutData hstmt data-ptr size)))
+
+(defconstant $sql-data-truncated (intern "01004" :keyword))
+
+
+(defun read-data-in-chunks (hstmt column-nr data-ptr c-type sql-type
+                            out-len-ptr result-type)
+  (declare (type long-ptr-type out-len-ptr)
+           (ignore result-type))
+
+  (let* ((res (%sql-get-data hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr
+                             +max-precision+ out-len-ptr))
+         (out-len (get-cast-long out-len-ptr))
+         (result (if (equal out-len #.$SQL_NULL_DATA)
+                     (return-from read-data-in-chunks *null*)
+                     
+                     ;;this isn't the most efficient way of doing it:
+                     ;;the foreign string gets copied to lisp, then
+                     ;;that is copied into the final string. However,
+                     ;;the previous impl that tried to copy one
+                     ;;character over at a time failed miserably on
+                     ;;multibyte characters.
+                     ;;
+                     ;;In the face of multibyte characters, the out-len
+                     ;;tells us the length in bytes but that doesn't
+                     ;;particularly help us here in allocating a lisp
+                     ;;array. So our best strategy is to just let the
+                     ;;foreign library that's already dealing with
+                     ;;encodings do its thing.
+                   
+                     (with-output-to-string (str)
+                       (loop do (if (= c-type #.$SQL_CHAR)
+                                    (write-sequence (get-cast-foreign-string data-ptr) str)
+                                    (error 'clsql:sql-database-error
+                                           :message "wrong type. preliminary."))
+                             while (and (= res $SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
+                                        (equal (sql-state +null-handle-ptr+ +null-handle-ptr+ hstmt)
+                                               "01004"))
+                             do (setf res (%sql-get-data hstmt column-nr c-type data-ptr
+                                                         +max-precision+ out-len-ptr)))))))
+
+    ;; reset the out length for the next row
+    (setf (deref-pointer out-len-ptr #.$ODBC-LONG-TYPE) #.$SQL_NO_TOTAL)
+    (if (= sql-type $SQL_DECIMAL)
+        (let ((*read-base* 10))
+          (read-from-string result))
+        result)))
+
+
+(def-type c-timestamp-ptr-type (* (:struct sql-c-timestamp)))
+(def-type c-time-ptr-type (* (:struct sql-c-time)))
+(def-type c-date-ptr-type (* (:struct sql-c-date)))
+
+(defun timestamp-to-clsql-time (ptr)
+  (declare (type c-timestamp-ptr-type ptr))
+  (clsql-sys:make-time
+   :second (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second)
+   :minute (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute)
+   :hour (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour)
+   :day (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day)
+   :month (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month)
+   :year (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year)
+   :usec (let ((frac (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'fraction)))
+	   (if frac (/ frac 1000) 0))))
+
+(defun universal-time-to-timestamp (time &optional (fraction 0))
+  "TODO: Dead function?"
+  (multiple-value-bind (sec min hour day month year)
+      (decode-universal-time time)
+    (let ((ptr (allocate-foreign-object 'sql-c-timestamp)))
+      (setf (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second) sec
+            (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute) min
+            (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour) hour
+            (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day) day
+            (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month) month
+            (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year) year
+            (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'fraction) fraction)
+      ptr)))
+
+(defun %put-timestamp (ptr time &optional (fraction 0))
+  "TODO: Dead function?"
+  (declare (type c-timestamp-ptr-type ptr))
+  (multiple-value-bind (sec min hour day month year)
+      (decode-universal-time time)
+    (setf (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second) sec
+          (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute) min
+          (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour) hour
+          (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day) day
+          (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month) month
+          (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year) year
+          (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'fraction) fraction)
+      ptr))
+
+(defun date-to-clsql-time (ptr)
+  (declare (type c-date-ptr-type ptr))
+  (clsql-sys:make-time
+   :second 0 :minute 0 :hour 0
+   :day (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'day)
+   :month (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'month)
+   :year (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'year)))
+
+(defun time-to-clsql-time (ptr)
+  (declare (type c-time-ptr-type ptr))
+  (clsql-sys:make-time
+   :second (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'second)
+   :minute (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'minute)
+   :hour (get-slot-value ptr 'sql-c-timestamp 'hour)))
+
+
+;;; Added by KMR
+
+(defun %set-attr-odbc-version (henv version)
+  (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
+      ;;note that we are passing version as an integer that happens to be
+      ;;stuffed into a pointer.
+      ;;http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms709285%28v=VS.85%29.aspx
+      (SQLSetEnvAttr henv $SQL_ATTR_ODBC_VERSION
+                     (make-pointer version :void) 0)))
+
+(defun %list-tables (hstmt)
+  (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
+    (SQLTables hstmt +null-ptr+ 0 +null-ptr+ 0 +null-ptr+ 0 +null-ptr+ 0)))
+
+(defun %table-statistics (table hstmt &key unique (ensure t)
+                           &aux (table (princ-to-string
+                                        (clsql-sys::unescaped-database-identifier table))))
+  (with-cstrings ((table-cs table))
+   (with-error-handling (:hstmt hstmt)
+       (SQLStatistics
+        hstmt
+        +null-ptr+ 0
+        +null-ptr+ 0
+        table-cs $SQL_NTS
+        (if unique $SQL_INDEX_UNIQUE $SQL_INDEX_ALL)
+        (if ensure $SQL_ENSURE $SQL_QUICK)))))
+
+(defun %list-data-sources (henv)
+  (let ((results nil))
+    (with-foreign-strings ((dsn-ptr (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH))
+                           (desc-ptr 256))
+      (with-foreign-objects ((dsn-len :short)
+                             (desc-len :short))
+       (let ((res (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
+                      (SQLDataSources henv $SQL_FETCH_FIRST dsn-ptr
+                                      (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
+                                      dsn-len desc-ptr 256 desc-len))))
+         (when (or (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS)
+                   (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))
+           (push (convert-from-foreign-string dsn-ptr) results))
+
+         (do ((res (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
+                       (SQLDataSources henv $SQL_FETCH_NEXT dsn-ptr
+                                       (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
+                                       dsn-len desc-ptr 256 desc-len))
+                   (with-error-handling (:henv henv)
+                       (SQLDataSources henv $SQL_FETCH_NEXT dsn-ptr
+                                       (1+ $SQL_MAX_DSN_LENGTH)
+                                       dsn-len desc-ptr 256 desc-len))))
+             ((not (or (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS)
+                       (eql res $SQL_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO))))
+           (push (convert-from-foreign-string dsn-ptr) results)))))
+    (nreverse results)))