1 ;;;; -*- Mode: Lisp; Syntax: ANSI-Common-Lisp; Base: 10 -*-
2 ;;;; *************************************************************************
3 ;;;; FILE IDENTIFICATION
5 ;;;; Name: pubmed-src.lisp
6 ;;;; Purpose: Library to access PubMed web application
7 ;;;; Programmer: Kevin M. Rosenberg
8 ;;;; Date Started: Jun 2001
10 ;;;; $Id: pubmed-src.lisp,v 1.1 2003/06/06 22:04:05 kevin Exp $
12 ;;;; This file, part of cl-pubmed, is Copyright (c) 2002 by Kevin M. Rosenberg
14 ;;;; cl-pubmed users are granted the rights to distribute and use this software
15 ;;;; as governed by the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
16 ;;;; (http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html)
17 ;;;; *************************************************************************
22 (defparameter +pubmed-host+ "www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov")
23 (defparameter +pubmed-query-url+ "/entrez/utils/pmqty.fcgi")
24 (defparameter +pubmed-fetch-url+ "/entrez/utils/pmfetch.fcgi")
27 (define-condition pubmed-condition ()
31 (define-condition pubmed-server-error (error pubmed-condition)
32 ((response :initarg :response
34 :reader pubmed-server-error-response))
35 (:report (lambda (c stream)
36 (format stream "A PubMed server error occurred.")
37 (awhen (pubmed-server-error-response c)
38 (format stream " The server response was:~&~S" it)))))
40 (define-condition pubmed-query-error (error pubmed-condition)
41 ((response :initarg :response
43 :reader pubmed-query-error-response))
44 (:report (lambda (c stream)
45 (format stream "A PubMed server error occurred.")
46 (awhen (pubmed-query-error-response c)
47 (format stream " The server response was:~&~S" it)))))
49 ;;; Article-Set and Article Classes
51 (defclass pm-article-set ()
52 ((query :type string :initarg :query :accessor articles-query)
53 (articles :type list :initarg :articles :accessor articles)
54 (total :type fixnum :initarg :total :accessor articles-total)
55 (count :type fixnum :initarg :count :accessor articles-count)
56 (start :type fixnum :initarg :start :accessor articles-start))
57 (:documentation "Pubmed Article Set Class")
58 (:default-initargs :total 0 :start 0 :count 0
59 :query nil :articles nil))
61 (defclass pm-article ()
63 (pmid :type integer :accessor article-pmid)
64 (title :type string :accessor article-title)
65 (authors :type list :accessor article-authors)
66 (affiliation :type string :accessor article-affiliation)
67 (journal :type string :accessor article-journal)
68 (date :type string :accessor article-date)
69 (volume :type string :accessor article-volume)
70 (issue :type string :accessor article-issue)
71 (pages :type string :accessor article-pages)
72 (abstract :type string :accessor article-abstract)
73 (mesh-headings :type list :accessor article-mesh-headings))
74 (:documentation "Pubmed Article Class"))
76 (defmethod print-object ((obj pm-article-set) (s stream))
77 (print-unreadable-object (obj s :type t :identity t)
78 (format s "~d total articles, ~d articles starting at #~d"
84 (defmethod print-object ((obj pm-article) (s stream))
85 (print-unreadable-object (obj s :type t :identity t)
86 (format s "pmid:~d, title:~S" (article-pmid obj)
87 (article-title obj))))
89 (defun article-equal-p (a b)
90 (check-type a pm-article)
91 (check-type b pm-article)
92 (eql (article-pmid a) (article-pmid b)))
94 (defun article-ref (art)
95 "Return a string of publication data for an article"
97 (awhen (article-date art)
98 (string-append ref (format nil "~a; " it)))
99 (awhen (article-volume art)
100 (string-append ref it))
101 (awhen (article-issue art)
102 (string-append ref (format nil "(~a)" it)))
103 (awhen (article-pages art)
104 (string-append ref (format nil ":~a" it)))
107 (defmethod print-article-set ((artset pm-article-set) &key (os *standard-output*) (format :text)
108 (complete nil) (print-link t))
109 "Display an article set to specified stream in specified format"
110 (dotimes (i (articles-count artset))
111 (print-article (nth i (articles artset)) :os os :format format
112 :complete complete :print-link print-link))
115 (defmethod print-article ((art pm-article) &key (os *standard-output*)
116 (format :text) (complete nil) (print-link t))
120 (format os "~a~%~a~%~a~a ~a~%~a~%"
122 (list-to-delimited-string (article-authors art) ", ")
123 (aif (article-affiliation art)
124 (format nil "~a~%" it) "")
125 (article-journal art) (article-ref art)
126 (aif (article-abstract art)
129 "Abstract available")
130 "No abstract available")
132 (format os "~a~%" (article-mesh-headings art)))))
134 (let ((has-link (or (article-abstract art) (article-mesh-headings art))))
135 (when (and print-link has-link)
136 (format os "<a href=\"~a?key=~a\">" (make-url "print-article") (article-pmid art)))
137 (format os "<div class=\"article-title\">~a</div>~%" (article-title art))
138 (when (and print-link has-link)
140 (format os "<div class=\"article-authors\">~a</div>~%"
141 (list-to-delimited-string (article-authors art) ", "))
142 (format os "<div class=\"article-reference\">~a ~a</div>~%"
143 (article-journal art) (article-ref art))
144 (when (and complete (article-abstract art))
145 (format os "<div class=\"article-abstract\">~a</div>~%"
146 (article-abstract art)))
147 (when (and complete (article-mesh-headings art))
148 (format os "<div class=\"mesh-heading-title\">Mesh Headings:</div>")
149 (dolist (mh (article-mesh-headings art))
150 (format os "<div class=\"mesh-heading\">~a</div>~%" mh)))
151 (format os "<p/>~%"))))
155 ;;; PubMed Query Functions
157 (defun pm-query (searchstr &key maximum start)
158 "Performs PubMed query and fetch and returns article-set structure"
161 (pubmed-search-xml searchstr :maximum maximum :start start)
162 (when (xml-tag-contents "Count" status)
163 (let ((as (make-instance 'pm-article-set)))
165 (articles-total as) (parse-integer (xml-tag-contents "Count" status))
166 (articles-query as) searchstr
167 (articles-start as) (parse-integer (xml-tag-contents "DispStart" status))
168 (articles-count as) (parse-integer (xml-tag-contents "DispMax" status))
169 (articles as) (extract-article-set results))
172 (defun pm-fetch-ids (pmids)
173 "Fetchs list of Pubmed ID's and returns pm-article-set class"
174 (setq pmids (mklist pmids))
175 (let ((results (pubmed-fetch-pmids-xml pmids)))
176 (unless (xml-tag-contents "Error" results)
177 (let ((as (make-instance 'pm-article-set)))
179 (articles-total as) (length pmids)
180 (articles-query as) (list-to-delimited-string pmids #\,)
181 (articles-start as) 0
182 (articles-count as) (length pmids)
183 (articles as) (extract-article-set results))
187 (defun pubmed-search-tree (searchstr &key maximum start)
188 "Performs a pubmed search and returns two values:
189 tree of PubMed search results and tree of PubMed search status"
191 (xml-search-results xml-search-status)
192 (pubmed-search-xml searchstr :maximum maximum :start start)
193 (if xml-search-results
194 (values (parse-xml-no-ws xml-search-results)
195 (parse-xml-no-ws xml-search-status))
196 (values nil (parse-xml-no-ws xml-search-status)))))
198 (defun pubmed-search-xml (searchstr &key maximum start)
199 "Performs a Pubmed search and returns two values:
200 XML string of PubMed search results and XML search status"
202 (pmids search-status)
203 (pubmed-query-xml searchstr :maximum maximum :start start)
204 (values (pubmed-fetch-pmids-xml pmids) search-status)))
206 (defun pubmed-query-xml (searchstr &key maximum start)
207 "Performs a Pubmed search and returns two values:
208 list of PubMed ID's that match search string and XML search status"
209 (let ((search-results (pubmed-query-status searchstr :maximum maximum :start start)))
210 (values (extract-pmid-list search-results) search-results)))
212 (defun pubmed-query-status (searchstr &key start maximum)
213 "Performs a Pubmed search and returns XML results of PubMed search
214 which contains PubMed ID's and status results"
215 (let ((query-alist `(("db" . "m") ("term" . ,searchstr) ("mode" . "xml"))))
216 (when maximum (push (cons "dispmax" maximum) query-alist))
217 (when start (push (cons "dispstart" start) query-alist))
218 (net.aserve.client:do-http-request
219 (format nil "http://~a~a" +pubmed-host+ +pubmed-query-url+)
221 :query query-alist)))
223 (defun pubmed-fetch-pmids-xml (pmids)
224 "Fetch articles for a list of PubMed ID's and return XML string"
225 (setq pmids (mklist pmids)) ;; Ensure list
227 (net.aserve.client:do-http-request
228 (format nil "http://~a~a" +pubmed-host+ +pubmed-fetch-url+)
231 `(("db" . "PubMed") ("report" . "xml") ("mode" . "text")
232 ("id" . ,(list-to-delimited-string pmids #\,))))))
234 ;;; XML Extraction Routines
236 (defun extract-article-set (results)
237 "Extract article set from PubMed XML string, return results in pm-article-set class"
238 (multiple-value-bind (as-start as-end as-next)
239 (positions-xml-tag-contents "PubmedArticleSet" results)
240 (declare (ignore as-end as-next))
247 (a-start a-end a-next)
248 (positions-xml-tag-contents "PubmedArticle" results pos)
251 (push (extract-article results a-start a-end) articles)
255 (nreverse articles)))))
257 (defun extract-article (xmlstr a-start a-end)
258 "Extract article contents from PubMed XML string and return results in pm-article class"
259 (let ((article (make-instance 'pm-article)))
261 (article-pmid article) (parse-integer (xml-tag-contents "PMID" xmlstr a-start a-end))
262 (article-title article) (xml-tag-contents "ArticleTitle" xmlstr a-start a-end)
263 (article-journal article) (xml-tag-contents "MedlineTA" xmlstr a-start a-end)
264 (article-pages article) (xml-tag-contents "MedlinePgn" xmlstr a-start a-end)
265 (article-affiliation article) (xml-tag-contents "Affiliation" xmlstr a-start a-end)
266 (article-abstract article) (xml-tag-contents "AbstractText" xmlstr a-start a-end))
267 (multiple-value-bind (ji-start ji-end ji-next)
268 (positions-xml-tag-contents "JournalIssue" xmlstr a-start a-end)
269 (declare (ignore ji-next))
271 (article-volume article) (xml-tag-contents "Volume" xmlstr ji-start ji-end)
272 (article-issue article) (xml-tag-contents "Issue" xmlstr ji-start ji-end))
273 (aif (xml-tag-contents "MedlineDate" xmlstr ji-start ji-end)
274 (setf (article-date article) it)
275 (setf (article-date article)
276 (concatenate 'string (xml-tag-contents "Year" xmlstr ji-start ji-end)
277 (aif (xml-tag-contents "Month" xmlstr ji-start ji-end)
278 (format nil " ~a" it)
281 (multiple-value-bind (al-start al-end al-next)
282 (positions-xml-tag-contents "AuthorList" xmlstr a-start a-end)
283 (declare (ignore al-next))
284 (setf (article-authors article)
291 (au-start au-end au-next)
292 (positions-xml-tag-contents "Author" xmlstr pos al-end)
295 (push (extract-author xmlstr au-start au-end) authors)
298 (nreverse authors)))))
300 (multiple-value-bind (mhl-start mhl-end mhl-next)
301 (positions-xml-tag-contents "MeshHeadingList" xmlstr a-start a-end)
302 (declare (ignore mhl-next))
303 (setf (article-mesh-headings article)
310 (mh-start mh-end mh-next)
311 (positions-xml-tag-contents "MeshHeading" xmlstr pos mhl-end)
314 (push (extract-mesh-heading xmlstr mh-start mh-end) mesh-headings)
318 (nreverse mesh-headings)))))
322 (defun extract-author (xmlstr start end)
323 "Extract author name from XML string"
324 (let ((last-name (xml-tag-contents "LastName" xmlstr start end))
325 (initials (xml-tag-contents "Initials" xmlstr start end)))
326 (concatenate 'string last-name " " initials)))
328 (defun extract-mesh-heading (xmlstr start end)
329 "Extract and format mesh headings from XML string"
330 (let ((desc (xml-tag-contents "DescriptorName" xmlstr start end))
331 (sh (xml-tag-contents "SubHeading" xmlstr start end)))
333 (format nil "~a(~a)" desc sh)
336 (defun extract-pmid-list (results)
337 "Returns list of PubMed ID's from XML result string"
339 ((search "<ERROR>" results)
340 (error 'pubmed-query-error :response results))
341 ((search "<H1>Server Error</H1>" results)
342 (error 'pubmed-server-error :response results))
344 (awhen (xml-tag-contents "Id" results)
345 (delimited-string-to-list it #\space)))))