1 /*****************************************************************************
5 ** Purpose: Routines for phantom objects
6 ** Progammer: Kevin Rosenberg
7 ** Date Started: Aug 1984
9 ** This is part of the CTSim program
10 ** Copyright (C) 1983-2000 Kevin Rosenberg
12 ** $Id: phantom.cpp,v 1.2 2000/06/19 19:54:23 kevin Exp $
14 ** This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
15 ** it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (version 2) as
16 ** published by the Free Software Foundation.
18 ** This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
19 ** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
20 ** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
21 ** GNU General Public License for more details.
23 ** You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
24 ** along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
25 ** Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
26 ******************************************************************************/
31 // CLASS IDENTIFICATION
35 Phantom::Phantom (void)
43 m_composition = P_PELEMS;
47 Phantom::~Phantom (void)
49 for (PElemIterator i = m_listPElem.begin(); i != m_listPElem.end(); i++) {
56 Phantom::create (const int phmid)
67 std_rowland_bordered ();
70 m_composition = P_UNIT_PULSE;
71 addPElem ("rectangle", 0., 0., 100., 100., 0., 0.); // outline
72 addPElem ("ellipse", 0., 0., 1., 1., 0., 1.); // pulse
75 sys_error (ERR_WARNING, "Illegal phantom id %d\n", phmid);
81 /* METHOD IDENTIFICATION
82 * createFromFile Add PhantomElements from file
85 * createFromFile (filename)
88 * true if pelem were added
89 * false if an pelem not added
93 Phantom::createFromFile (const char* const fname)
95 bool stoploop = false;
99 if ((fp = fopen (fname, "r")) == NULL)
103 double cx, cy, u, v, rot, dens;
105 int n = fscanf (fp, "%79s %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf %lf",
106 pelemtype, &cx, &cy, &u, &v, &rot, &dens);
108 if (n == EOF || n == 0) { /* end of file */
115 addPElem (pelemtype, cx, cy, u, v, rot, dens);
118 } while (stoploop == false);
130 * addPElem (type, cx, cy, u, v, rot, atten)
131 * char *type type of pelem (box, ellipse, etc)
132 * double cx, cy pelem center
133 * double u,v pelem size
134 * double rot rotation angle of pelem (in degrees)
135 * double atten x-ray attenuation cooefficient
139 Phantom::addPElem (const char *type, const double cx, const double cy, const double u, const double v, const double rot, const double atten)
141 PhantomElement *pelem = new PhantomElement (type, cx, cy, u, v, rot, atten);
143 m_listPElem.push_front (pelem);
145 // update phantom limits
146 if (m_xmin > pelem->xmin()) m_xmin = pelem->xmin();
147 if (m_xmax < pelem->xmax()) m_xmax = pelem->xmax();
148 if (m_ymin > pelem->ymin()) m_ymin = pelem->ymin();
149 if (m_ymax < pelem->ymax()) m_ymax = pelem->ymax();
151 if (m_diameter < pelem->diameter())
152 m_diameter = pelem->diameter();
154 // m_diameter = lineLength(m_xmin, m_ymin, m_xmax, m_ymax);
160 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
161 /* Input-Output Routines */
162 /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
166 * print Print vertices of Phantom pelems
173 Phantom::print (void) const
175 printf("PRINTING Phantom\n\n");
176 printf("number of pelems in Phantom = %d\n", m_nPElem);
177 printf("limits: xmin=%8.2g ymin=%8.2g xmax=%8.2g ymax=%8.2g\n",
178 m_xmin, m_ymin, m_xmax, m_ymax);
180 for (PElemIterator i = m_listPElem.begin(); i != m_listPElem.end(); i++) {
182 printf("# pts=%3d atten = %7.4f rot = %7.2f (deg)\n",
183 (*i)->nOutlinePoints(), (*i)->atten(), convertRadiansToDegrees ((*i)->rot()));
185 printf("xmin=%7.3g ymin=%7.3g xmax=%7.3g ymax=%7.3g\n",
186 (*i)->xmin(), (*i)->ymin(), (*i)->xmax(), (*i)->ymax());
188 // for (int i = 0; i < m_nPoints; i++)
189 // printf("\t%8.3g %8.3g\n", i->xOutline()[i], i->yOutline()[i]);
195 * show Show vector outline of Phantom to user
203 Phantom::show (void) const
205 double wsize = m_xmax - m_xmin;
206 double xmin = m_xmin;
207 double ymin = m_ymin;
211 if ((m_ymax - m_ymin) > wsize)
212 wsize = m_ymax - m_ymin;
218 printf("Drawing Phantom:\n\n");
219 printf(" data limits: %9.3g, %9.3g, %9.3g, %9.3g\n",
220 m_xmin, m_ymin, m_xmax, m_ymax);
221 printf(" window size: %9.3g, %9.3g, %9.3g, %9.3g\n",
222 xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
224 gid = sgp2_init(0, 0, "Phantom Show");
225 sgp2_window (xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax);
235 * draw Draw vector outline of Phantom
243 Phantom::draw (void) const
245 for (PElemIterator i = m_listPElem.begin(); i != m_listPElem.end(); i++)
246 sgp2_polyline_abs ((*i)->xOutline(), (*i)->yOutline(), (*i)->nOutlinePoints());
252 * std_rowland Make head phantom of S.W. Rowland
258 * S. W. Rowland, "Computer Implementation of Image Reconstruction
259 * Formulas", in "Image Reconstruction from Projections: Implementation
260 * and Applications", edited by G. T. Herman, 1978.
264 Phantom::std_rowland (void)
266 addPElem("ellipse", 0.0000, 0.0000, 0.6900, 0.9200, 0.0, 1.00);
267 addPElem("ellipse", 0.0000, -0.0184, 0.6624, 0.8740, 0.0, -0.98);
268 addPElem("ellipse", 0.2200, 0.0000, 0.1100, 0.3100, -18.0, -0.02);
269 addPElem("ellipse", -0.2200, 0.0000, 0.1600, 0.4100, 18.0, -0.02);
270 addPElem("ellipse", 0.0000, 0.3500, 0.2100, 0.2500, 0.0, 0.01);
271 addPElem("ellipse", 0.0000, 0.1000, 0.0460, 0.0460, 0.0, 0.01);
272 addPElem("ellipse", 0.0000, -0.1000, 0.0460, 0.0460, 0.0, 0.01);
273 addPElem("ellipse", -0.0800, -0.6050, 0.0460, 0.0230, 0.0, 0.01);
274 addPElem("ellipse", 0.0000, -0.6050, 0.0230, 0.0230, 0.0, 0.01);
275 addPElem("ellipse", 0.0600, -0.6050, 0.0230, 0.0230, 0.0, 0.01);
276 addPElem("ellipse", 0.5538, -0.3858, 0.0330, 0.2060, -18.0, 0.03);
280 Phantom::std_rowland_bordered (void)
283 addPElem ("ellipse", 0.000, 0.0000, 0.7500, 1.000, 0.0, 0.00);
287 * std_herman Standard head phantom of G. T. Herman
293 * G. T. Herman, "Image Reconstructions from Projections: The Fundementals
294 * of Computed Tomography", 1979.
298 Phantom::std_herman (void)
300 addPElem("ellipse", 0.000, 1.50, 0.375, 0.3000, 90.00, -0.003);
301 addPElem("ellipse", 0.675, -0.75, 0.225, 0.1500, 140.00, 0.010);
302 addPElem("ellipse", 0.750, 1.50, 0.375, 0.2250, 50.00, 0.003);
303 addPElem("segment", 1.375, -7.50, 1.100, 0.6250, 19.20, -0.204);
304 addPElem("segment", 1.375, -7.50, 1.100, 4.3200, 19.21, 0.204);
305 addPElem("segment", 0.000, -2.25, 1.125, 0.3750, 0.00, -0.003);
306 addPElem("segment", 0.000, -2.25, 1.125, 3.0000, 0.00, 0.003);
307 addPElem("segment", -1.000, 3.75, 1.000, 0.5000, 135.00, -0.003);
308 addPElem("segment", -1.000, 3.75, 1.000, 3.0000, 135.00, 0.003);
309 addPElem("segment", 1.000, 3.75, 1.000, 0.5000, 225.00, -0.003);
310 addPElem("segment", 1.000, 3.75, 1.000, 3.0000, 225.00, 0.003);
311 addPElem("triangle", 5.025, 3.75, 1.125, 0.5000, 110.75, 0.206);
312 addPElem("triangle",-5.025, 3.75, 1.125, 0.9000,-110.75, 0.206);
313 addPElem("ellipse", 0.000, 0.00, 8.625, 6.4687, 90.00, 0.416);
314 addPElem("ellipse", 0.000, 0.00, 7.875, 5.7187, 90.00, -0.206);
319 * convertToImagefile Make image array from Phantom
322 * pic_to_imagefile (pic, im, nsample)
323 * Phantom& pic Phantom definitions
324 * ImageFile *im Computed pixel array
325 * int nsample Number of samples along each axis for each pixel
326 * (total samples per pixel = nsample * nsample)
330 Phantom::convertToImagefile (ImageFile& im, const int colStart, const int colCount, const int in_nsample, const int trace) const
334 if (nx < 2 || ny < 2)
340 int nsample = in_nsample;
341 double dx = m_xmax - m_xmin;
342 double dy = m_ymax - m_ymin;
343 double xcent = m_xmin + dx / 2;
344 double ycent = m_ymin + dy / 2;
345 double phmlen = (dx > dy ? dx : dy);
347 double phmradius = phmlen / 2;
349 double xmin = xcent - phmradius;
350 double xmax = xcent + phmradius;
351 double ymin = ycent - phmradius;
352 double ymax = ycent + phmradius;
354 // Each pixel holds the average of the intensity of the cell with (ix,iy) at the center of the pixel
355 // Set major increments so that the last cell v[nx-1][ny-1] will start at xmax - xinc, ymax - yinc).
356 // Set minor increments so that sample points are centered in cell
358 double xinc = (xmax - xmin) / nx;
359 double yinc = (ymax - ymin) / ny;
361 double kxinc = xinc / nsample; /* interval between samples */
362 double kyinc = yinc / nsample;
363 double kxofs = kxinc / 2; /* offset of 1st point */
364 double kyofs = kyinc / 2;
366 im.setAxisExtent (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax);
367 im.setAxisIncrement (xinc, yinc);
369 ImageFileArray v = im.getArray();
371 double x_start = xmin + (colStart * xinc);
372 for (PElemConstIterator pelem = m_listPElem.begin; pelem != m_listPElem.end; pelem++) {
375 for (ix = 0, x = x_start; ix < colCount; ix++, x += xinc) {
376 for (iy = 0, y = ymin; iy < ny; iy++, y += yinc) {
377 for (kx = 0, xi = x + kxofs; kx < nsample; kx++, xi += kxinc) {
378 for (ky = 0, yi = y + kyofs; ky < nsample; ky++, yi += kyinc)
379 if ((*pelem)->isPointInside (xi, yi, PHM_COORD) == TRUE)
380 v[ix][iy] += (*pelem)->atten();
388 double factor = 1.0 / (nsample * nsample);
390 for (int ix = 0; ix < colCount; ix++)
391 for (int iy = 0; iy < ny; iy++)
396 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
397 // CLASS IDENTIFICATION
403 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
406 PhantomElement::PhantomElement (const char *type, const double cx, const double cy, const double u, const double v, const double rot, const double atten)
407 : m_cx(cx), m_cy(cy), m_u(u), m_v(v), m_atten(atten), m_nPoints(0), m_xOutline(0), m_yOutline(0)
409 m_rot = convertDegreesToRadians (rot); // convert angle to radians
411 if (strcasecmp (type, "rectangle") == 0)
412 m_type = PELEM_RECTANGLE;
413 else if (strcasecmp (type, "triangle") == 0)
414 m_type = PELEM_TRIANGLE;
415 else if (strcasecmp (type, "ellipse") == 0)
416 m_type = PELEM_ELLIPSE;
417 else if (strcasecmp (type, "sector") == 0)
418 m_type = PELEM_SECTOR;
419 else if (strcasecmp (type, "segment") == 0)
420 m_type = PELEM_SEGMENT;
422 sys_error (ERR_WARNING, "Unknown PhantomElement type %s [PhantomElement::PhantomElement]", type);
423 m_type = PELEM_INVALID;
426 makeTransformMatrices (); // calc transform matrices between phantom and normalized phantomelement
427 makeVectorOutline (); // calculate vector outline of pelem
429 // Find maximum diameter of Object
431 for (int i = 0; i < m_nPoints; i++) {
432 double r2 = (m_xOutline[i] * m_xOutline[i]) + (m_yOutline[i] * m_yOutline[i]);
436 m_diameter = 2 * sqrt( r2Max );
438 m_rectLimits[0] = m_xmin; m_rectLimits[1] = m_ymin;
439 m_rectLimits[2] = m_xmax; m_rectLimits[3] = m_ymax;
443 PhantomElement::~PhantomElement (void)
450 PhantomElement::makeTransformMatrices (void)
454 // To map normalized Pelem coords to world Phantom
457 // translate by (cx, cy)
459 scale_mtx2 (m_xformObjToPhm, m_u, m_v);
460 rot_mtx2 (temp, m_rot);
461 mult_mtx2 (m_xformObjToPhm, temp, m_xformObjToPhm);
462 xlat_mtx2 (temp, m_cx, m_cy);
463 mult_mtx2 (m_xformObjToPhm, temp, m_xformObjToPhm);
465 // to map world Phantom coodinates to normalized PElem coords
466 // translate by (-cx, -cy)
468 // scale by (1/u, 1/v)
470 xlat_mtx2 (m_xformPhmToObj, -m_cx, -m_cy);
471 rot_mtx2 (temp, -m_rot);
472 mult_mtx2 (m_xformPhmToObj, temp, m_xformPhmToObj);
473 scale_mtx2 (temp, 1 / m_u, 1 / m_v);
474 mult_mtx2 (m_xformPhmToObj, temp, m_xformPhmToObj);
479 * pelem_make_points INTERNAL routine to calculate point array for an pelem
482 * makepelempts (pelem)
483 * PELEM *pelem pelem whose points we are calculating
486 * Called by phm_add_pelem()
489 static const double SCALE_PELEM_EXTENT=0.005; // increase pelem limits by 0.5%
492 PhantomElement::makeVectorOutline (void)
494 double radius, theta, start, stop;
500 case PELEM_RECTANGLE:
502 m_xOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
503 m_yOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
504 m_xOutline[0] =-m_u; m_yOutline[0] =-m_v;
505 m_xOutline[1] = m_u; m_yOutline[1] =-m_v;
506 m_xOutline[2] = m_u; m_yOutline[2] = m_v;
507 m_xOutline[3] =-m_u; m_yOutline[3] = m_v;
508 m_xOutline[4] =-m_u; m_yOutline[4] =-m_v;
512 m_xOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
513 m_yOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
514 m_xOutline[0] =-m_u; m_yOutline[0] = 0.0;
515 m_xOutline[1] = m_u; m_yOutline[1] = 0.0;
516 m_xOutline[2] = 0.0; m_yOutline[2] = m_v;
517 m_xOutline[3] =-m_u; m_yOutline[3] = 0.0;
520 cpts = numCirclePoints (TWOPI);
522 m_xOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
523 m_yOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
524 calcEllipsePoints (m_xOutline, m_yOutline, cpts, m_u, m_v);
527 radius = sqrt(m_u * m_u + m_v * m_v);
528 theta = atan(m_u / m_v); // angle with y-axis
529 start = 3.0 * HALFPI - theta;
530 stop = 3.0 * HALFPI + theta;
531 cpts = numCirclePoints (stop - start);
532 m_nPoints = 3 + cpts;
533 m_xOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
534 m_yOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
536 m_xOutline[0] = 0.0; m_yOutline[0] = m_v;
537 m_xOutline[1] =-m_u; m_yOutline[1] = 0.0;
538 calcArcPoints (&m_xOutline[2], &m_yOutline[2], cpts, 0.0, m_v, radius, start, stop);
539 m_xOutline[cpts + 2] = 0.0;
540 m_yOutline[cpts + 2] = m_v;
543 radius = sqrt(m_u * m_u + m_v * m_v);
544 theta = atan (m_u / m_v); // angle with y-axis
545 start = 3.0 * HALFPI - theta;
546 stop = 3.0 * HALFPI + theta;
548 cpts = numCirclePoints (stop - start);
549 m_nPoints = cpts + 1;
550 m_xOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
551 m_yOutline = new double [m_nPoints];
553 calcArcPoints (m_xOutline, m_yOutline, cpts, 0.0, m_v, radius, start, stop);
554 m_xOutline[cpts] = -m_u;
555 m_yOutline[cpts] = 0.0;
558 sys_error(ERR_WARNING, "illegal pelem type %d [makeVectorOutline]", m_type);
562 rotate2d (m_xOutline, m_yOutline, m_nPoints, m_rot);
563 xlat2d (m_xOutline, m_yOutline, m_nPoints, m_cx, m_cy);
565 minmax_array (m_xOutline, m_nPoints, m_xmin, m_xmax);
566 minmax_array (m_yOutline, m_nPoints, m_ymin, m_ymax);
568 // increase pelem extent by SCALE_PELEM_EXTENT to eliminate chance of
569 // missing actual pelem maximum due to polygonal sampling
571 xfact = (m_xmax - m_xmin) * SCALE_PELEM_EXTENT;
572 yfact = (m_ymax - m_ymin) * SCALE_PELEM_EXTENT;
583 * calc_arc Calculate outline of a arc of a circle
586 * calc_arc (x, y, xcent, ycent, pts, r, start, stop)
587 * double x[], y[]; Array of points
588 * int pts Number of points in array
589 * double xcent, ycent Center of cirlce
590 * double r Radius of circle
591 * double start, stop Beginning & ending angles
595 PhantomElement::calcArcPoints (double x[], double y[], const int pts, const double xcent, const double ycent, const double r, const double start, const double stop)
598 sys_error (ERR_WARNING, "negative or zero radius in calc_arc()");
600 double theta = (stop - start) / (pts - 1); // angle incr. between points
601 double c = cos(theta);
602 double s = sin(theta);
604 x[0] = r * cos (start) + xcent;
605 y[0] = r * sin (start) + ycent;
607 double xp = x[0] - xcent;
608 double yp = y[0] - ycent;
609 for (int i = 1; i < pts; i++) {
610 double xc = c * xp - s * yp;
611 double yc = s * xp + c * yp;
620 // PhantomElement::calcEllipsePoints Calculate outline of a ellipse
623 // calcEllipsePoints ()
628 PhantomElement::calcEllipsePoints (double x[], double y[], const int pts, const double u, const double v)
630 calcArcPoints (x, y, m_nPoints, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, TWOPI); // make a unit circle
631 scale2d (x, y, m_nPoints, m_u, m_v); // scale to ellipse
636 * circle_pts Calculate number of points to use for circle segment
639 * n = circle_pts (theta)
640 * int n Number of points to use for arc
641 * double theta Length of arc in radians
645 PhantomElement::numCirclePoints (double theta) const
647 if (theta < 0.0 || theta > TWOPI)
648 sys_error(ERR_WARNING, "illegal values sent to circle_pts");
650 return static_cast<int> (POINTS_PER_CIRCLE * theta / TWOPI + 1.5);
655 PhantomElement::clipLineWorldCoords (double& x1, double& y1, double& x2, double &y2) const
657 /* check if ray is outside of pelem extents */
658 double cx1 = x1, cy1 = y1, cx2 = x2, cy2 = y2;
659 if (! clip_rect (cx1, cy1, cx2, cy2, m_rectLimits))
662 // convert phantom coordinates to pelem coordinates
663 xform_mtx2 (m_xformPhmToObj, x1, y1);
664 xform_mtx2 (m_xformPhmToObj, x2, y2);
666 if (! clipLineNormalizedCoords (x1, y1, x2, y2))
669 // convert standard pelem coordinates back to phantom coordinates
670 xform_mtx2 (m_xformObjToPhm, x1, y1);
671 xform_mtx2 (m_xformObjToPhm, x2, y2);
678 * pelem_clip_line Clip pelem against an arbitrary line
681 * pelem_clip_line (pelem, x1, y1, x2, y2)
682 * PhantomElement& pelem; Pelem to be clipped
683 * double *x1, *y1, *x2, *y2 Endpoints of line to be clipped
686 * true if line passes through pelem
687 * (x1, y1, x2, y2 hold coordinates of new line)
688 * false if line do not pass through pelem
689 * (x1, y1, x2, y2 are undefined)
693 PhantomElement::clipLineNormalizedCoords (double& x1, double& y1, double& x2, double& y2) const
698 case PELEM_RECTANGLE:
700 rect[0] = -1.0; rect[1] = -1.0;
701 rect[2] = 1.0; rect[3] = 1.0;
702 accept = clip_rect (x1, y1, x2, y2, rect);
705 accept = clip_circle (x1, y1, x2, y2, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
708 accept = clip_triangle (x1, y1, x2, y2, 1.0, 1.0, true);
711 accept = clip_segment (x1, y1, x2, y2, m_u, m_v);
714 accept = clip_sector (x1, y1, x2, y2, m_u, m_v);
717 sys_error (ERR_WARNING, "Illegal pelem type %d [pelem_clip_line]", m_type);
725 // METHOD IDENTIFICATION
726 // PhantomElement::isPointInside Check if point is inside pelem
729 // is_point_inside (pelem, x, y, coord_type)
730 // double x, y Point to see if lies in pelem
731 // int coord_type Coordinate type (PELEM_COORD or PHM_COORD)
734 // true if point lies within pelem
735 // false if point lies outside of pelem
738 PhantomElement::isPointInside (double x, double y, const CoordType coord_type)
740 if (coord_type == PHM_COORD) {
741 xform_mtx2 (m_xformPhmToObj, x, y);
742 } else if (coord_type != PELEM_COORD) {
743 sys_error(ERR_WARNING, "Illegal coordinate type in pelem_is_point_inside");
748 case PELEM_RECTANGLE:
749 if (x > 1. || x < -1. || y > 1. || y < -1.)
755 if (y < 0. || y > 1. - x || y > 1. + x)
761 if (x > 1. || x < -1. || y > 1. || y < -1.)
763 if (x * x + y * y > 1.) // check if inside unit circle
769 // for clipping segments & sectors, must NOT scale by (1/u, 1/v)
770 // because this destroys information about size of arc component
773 if (x > 1. || x < -1. || y > 0.)
774 return (false); // clip against y > 0
775 x *= m_u; // put back u & v scale
777 if (x * x + (y-m_v) * (y-m_v) > m_u * m_u + m_v * m_v)
778 return (false); // clip against circle, r = sqrt(@)
783 if (x > 1. || x < -1. || y > 1.) // extent
785 if (y > 1. - x || y > 1. + x) // triangle
786 return (false); // clip against triangle
787 x *= m_u; // circle: put back u & v scale
789 if (x * x + (y-m_v) * (y-m_v) > m_u * m_u + m_v * m_v)
790 return (false); // clip against circle
795 sys_error (ERR_WARNING, "Illegal pelem type in pelem_is_point_inside()");